Exercise for Chapter 7
1.The natural rate of unemployment is:
a.the average rate of unemployment around which the economy fluctuates.
b.about 10 percent of the labor force.
c.a rate that never changes.
d.the transition of individuals between employment and unemployment.
2.If the number of employed workers equals 200 million and the number of unemployed workers equals 20 million, the unemployment rate equals    percent (rounded to the nearest percent)
a.0.
b.9. c. 10. d. 20.
3.All of the following are reasons for frictional unemployment except:
a.workers have different preferences and abilities.equals()方法
b.unemployed workers accept the first job offer that they receive.
c.the flow of information is imperfect.
d.
4.All of the following policies were adopted by the government in an attempt to reduce the natural rate of unemployment except:
a.unemployment insurance.
b.government employment agencies.
c.public retraining programs.
d.the Illinois bonus program for unemployment insurance claimants who found jobs quickly.

5.The unemployment resulting when real wages are held above equilibrium is called
    unemployment, while the unemployment that occurs as workers search for a job that best suits their skills is called    unemployment.
a.efficiency; inefficiency
b.efficiency; structural
c.frictional; efficiency
d.structural; frictional
6.Workers unemployed as a result of wage rigidity are:
a.actively searching for a job to match their skills.
b.not eligible to receive unemployment insurance benefits.
c.waiting for a job to become available.
d.relocating to another part of the country as a result of sectoral shifts.
7.All of the following are causes of structural unemployment except:
a.minimum-wage laws.
b.the monopoly power of unions.
c.unemployment insurance.
d.efficiency wages.
8.In the case of unions, the conflict of interest between different groups of workers results in insiders wanting    , while outsiders want    .
a.more hirings; high wages
b.high wages; more hirings
c.high wages; fewer hirings
d.fewer hirings; high wages
9.If the rate of separation is 0.02 and the rate of job finding is 0.08 but the current unemployment rate is 0.10, then the current unemployment rate is    the equilibrium rate, and in the next period it will move    the equilibrium rate.
a.above; toward

b.above; away from
c.below; toward
d.below; away from
10.The recent reduced demand for unskilled workers relative to skilled workers has led to    for unskilled workers in Europe compared to    for unskilled workers in the United States.
a.unemployment; lower wages.
b.lower wages; unemployment.
c.more unionization; efficiency wages.
d.efficiency wages; more unionization.
11.Assume that the real wage in an economy is held above equilibrium.
i.Graphically illustrate how an increase in technology that raises the demand for labor will change the number of unemployed workers. Be sure to label the axes and the quantities of labor hired before and after the technological progress.
ii.Explain in words what happens to the number of unemployed as a result of this change.
12.
i.the unemployment rate,
ii.the average duration of each unemployment spell.

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