Thoughts in W estminster Abbey
Joseph Addison (1672-1719)
When I am in a serious humour, I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey, where the gloominess of the place, and the use to which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable. I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard, the cloisters, and the church, amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions that I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon one day, and died upon another: the whole history of his life being comprehended in those two circumstances, that are common to all mankind. I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass or marble, as a kind of satire upon the departed persons; who had left no other memorial of them, but that they were born and that they died. They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of heroic poems, who have sounding names given them, for no other reason but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for nothing but being knocked on the head. The life of these men is finely described in Holy Writ by “the path of an arrow,” which is immediately closed up and lost.
Upon my going into the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in every shovelful of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or skull intermixt with a kind of fresh mouldering earth, that some time or other had a place in the composition of a human body. Upon this, I began to consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay confused together under the pavement of that ancient cathedral; how men and women, friends and enemies, priests and soldiers, monks and prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in the same common mass; how beauty, strength, and youth, with old age, weakness and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous heap of matter.
After having thus surveyed this great magazine of mortality, as it were, in the lump; I examined it more particularly by the accounts which I found on several of the monuments which are raised in every quarter of that ancient fabric. Some of them were covered with such extravagant epitaphs, that, if it were possible for the dead person to be acquainted with them, he would blush at the praises which his friends have bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest, that they deliver the character of the person departed in Greek or Hebrew, and by that means are not understood once in a twelve month. In the poetical quarter, I found there were poets who had no monuments, and monuments which had no poets. I observed indeed that the present war had filled the church with man
y of these uninhabited monuments, which had been erected to the memory of persons whose bodies were perhaps buried in the plains of Blenheim, or in the bosom of the ocean.
I could not but be very much delighted with several modern epitaphs, which are written with great elegance of expression and justness of thought, and therefore do honour to the living as well as to the dead. As a foreigner is very apt to conceive an idea of the ignorance or politeness of a nation, from the turn of their public monuments and inscriptions, they should be submitted to the perusal of men of learning and genius, before they are put in execution. Sir Cloudesly Shovel’s
monument has very often given me great offence: instead of the brave rough English Admiral, which was the distinguishing character of that plain gallant man, he is represented on his tomb by the figure of a beau, dressed in a long periwig, and reposing himself upon velvet cushions under a canopy of state. The inscription is answerable to the monument; for instead of celebrating the many remarkable actions he had performed in the service of his country, it acquaints us only with the manner of his death, in which it was impossible for him to reap any honour. The Dutch, whom we are apt to despise for want of genius, show an infinitely greater taste of antiquity and politeness in their buildings and works of this nature, than what we meet with in those of our own country. The monuments of their admirals, which have been erected at the public expense, represent them like themselves; and are ad
orned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments, with beautiful festoons of seaweed, shells, and coral.
But to return to our subject. I have left the repository of our English kings for the contemplation of another day, when I shall find my mind disposed for so serious an amusement. I know that entertainments of this nature are apt to raise dark and dismal thoughts in timorous minds, and gloomy imaginations; but for my own part, though I am always serious, I do not know what it is to be melancholy; and can therefore take a view of nature in her deep and solemn scenes, with the same pleasure as in her most gay and delightful ones. By this means I can improve myself with those objects, which others consider with terror. When I look upon the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me; when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful, every inordinate desire goes out; when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tombstone, my heart melts with compassion; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves, I consider the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow; when I see kings lying by those who deposed them, when I consider rival wits placed side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests and disputes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions, factions and debates of mankind. When I read the several dates of the tombs, of some that died yesterday, and some six hundred years ago, I consider that great day when we shall all of us be contemporaries, and make our appearance together.教你如何用WORD文档(2012-06-27 192246)转载▼
标签：杂谈
1. 问：WORD 里边怎样设置每页不同的页眉？如何使不同的章节显示的页眉不同？
答：分节，每节可以设置不同的页眉。文件――页面设置――版式――页眉和页脚――首页不同。
2. 问：请问word 中怎样让每一章用不同的页眉？怎么我现在只能用一个页眉，一改就全部改了？
答：在插入分隔符里，选插入分节符，可以选连续的那个，然后下一页改页眉前，按一下“同前”钮，再做的改动就不影响前面的了。简言之，分节符使得它们独立了。这个工具栏上的“同前”按钮就显示在工具栏上，不过是图标的形式，把光标移到上面就显示出”同前“两个字来。
3. 问：如何合并两个WORD 文档，不同的页眉需要先写两个文件，然后合并，如何做？
答：页眉设置中，选择奇偶页不同与前不同等选项。
4. 问：WORD 编辑页眉设置，如何实现奇偶页不同比如：单页浙江大学学位论文，这一个容易设；双页：（每章标题），这一个有什么技巧啊？
答：插入节分隔符，与前节设置相同去掉，再设置奇偶页不同。
5. 问：怎样使WORD 文档只有第一页没有页眉，页脚？
答：页面设置－页眉和页脚，选首页不同，然后选中首页页眉中的小箭头，格式－边框和底纹，选择无，这个只要在“视图”――“页眉页脚”，其中的页面设置里，不要整个文档，就可以看到一个“同前”的标志，不选，前后的设置情况就不同了。
6. 问：如何从第三页起设置页眉？
答：在第二页末插入分节符，在第三页的页眉格式中去掉同前节，如果第一、二页还有页眉，把它设置成正文就可以了
●在新建文档中，菜单―视图―页脚―插入页码―页码格式―起始页码为0，确定；●菜单―文件―页面设置―版式―首页不同，确定；●将光标放到第一页末，菜单―文件―页面设置―版式―首页不同―应用于插入点之后，确定。第2 步与第三步差别在于第2 步应用于整篇文档，第3 步应用于插入点之后。这样，做两次首页不同以后，页码从第三页开始从1 编号，完成。
7. 问：WORD 页眉自动出现一根直线，请问怎么处理？
答：格式从“页眉”改为“清除格式”，就在“格式”快捷工具栏最左边；选中页眉文字和箭头，格式－边框和底纹－设置选无。
8. 问：页眉一般是---------，上面写上题目或者其它，想做的是把这根线变为双线，WORD 中修改页眉的那根线怎么改成双线的
答：按以下步骤操作去做：
●选中页眉的文字，包括最后面的箭头●格式－边框和底纹●选线性为双线的●在预览里，点击左下小方块，预览的图形会出现双线●确定▲上面和下面自己可以设置，点击在预览周围的四个小方块，页眉线就可以在不同的位置。
9. 问：Word 中的脚注如何删除？把正文相应的符号删除，内容可以删除，但最后那个格式还在，应该怎么办？
答：步骤如下：1、切换到普通视图，菜单中“视图”――“脚注”，这时最下方出现了尾注的编辑栏。2、在尾注的下拉菜单中选择“尾注分隔符”，这时那条短横线出现了，选中它，删除。3、再在下拉菜单中选择“尾注延续分隔符”，这是那条长横线出现了，选中它，删除。
4、切换回到页面视图。尾注和脚注应该都是一样的。
10. 问：Word 里面有没有自动断词得功能常常有得单词太长了，如果能设置下自动断词就好了
答：在工具―语言―断字―自动断字，勾上，word 还是很强大的。
11. 问：如何将word 文档里的繁体字改为简化字？
答：工具―语言―中文简繁转换。
12. 问：怎样微调WORD 表格线？WORD 表格上下竖线不能对齐，用鼠标拖动其中一条线，可是一拖就跑老远，想微调表格竖线让上下对齐，请问该怎么办？
答：选定上下两个单元格，然后指定其宽度就可以对齐了，再怎么拉都行pressAlt，打开绘图，其中有个调整坐标线，单击，将其中水平间距与垂直间距都调到最小值即可。打开绘图，然后在左下脚的绘图网格里设置，把水平和垂直间距设置得最小。
13. 问：怎样微调word 表格线？我的word 表格上下竖线不能对齐，用鼠标拖动其中一条线，可是一拖就跑老远，我想微调表格竖线让上下对齐，请问该怎么办？
答：可以如下操作：●按住ctl 键还是shift，你have a try●double click the line, try it )●打开绘图，设置一下网格（在左下角）。使水平和垂直都为最小，试一把！？●press Alt
14. 问：怎么把word 文档里已经有的分页符去掉？
答：先在工具――选项――视图――格式标记，选中全部，然后就能够看到分页符，delete 就ok了。
15. 问：Word 中下标的大小可以改的吗
答：格式―字体
16. 问：Word 里怎么自动生成目录啊
答：用“格式样式和格式”编辑文章中的小标题，然后插入-索引和目录
17. 问：Word 的文档结构图能否整个复制论文要写目录了，不想再照着文档结构图输入一遍，有办法复制粘贴过来吗？
答：可以自动生成的，插入索引目录。
18. 问：做目录的时候有什么办法时右边的页码对齐？比如：1.1 标题..........11.2 标题 (2)
答：画表格，然后把页码都放到一个格子里靠右或居中，然后让表格的线条消隐就可以了，打印出来就很整齐。
19. 问：怎样在word 中将所有大写字母转为小写？比如一句全大写的转为全小写的答：格式-更改大小写-小写
20. 问：在存盘的时候，出现了问题，症状如下：磁盘已满或打开文件过多，不能保存，另开新窗口重存也不管用。如何解决？
答：把word 文档全选，然后复制，然后关掉word，电脑提示你粘贴板上有东西，要不要用于别的程序，选是，然后，再重
新打开word，然后粘贴，然后，保存。
21. 问：WORD 中的表格一复制粘贴到PPT 中就散掉了，怎么把WORD 里面的表格原样粘贴到PPT 中？
答：1）比较好的方法是：先把表格单独存为一WORD 文件，然后插入－－对象，选由文件创建，然后选中上面的WORD 文件，确定；2）还可以先把表格copy 到excel 中，然后copy 到PPT 中，这个也是比较好的办法；3）可以先做成文本框，再粘贴过去；4）复制粘贴，但是在PPT 中不能粘在文本框里面；5）拷屏，做成图片，再弄到PPT 里面。
22. 问：有没有办法将PPT 的文字拷入WORD 里面？
答：另存就可以了。只要以.rtf 格式另存即可
23. 问：word 中图片的分栏如何处理？假如有：1 2 图3 4 这样的结构，我想实现：1 3 图（要横跨两栏）2 4 但是，试了半天总是：1 2 图3 4 怎么办呀？help！
答：设置图片格式――版式――高级――文字环绕――环绕方式选上下型――图片位置――对齐方式选居中――度量依据选页面，要先改文字环绕，然后才能改图片位置
24. 问：用word 写东西时字距老是变动，有时候自动隔得很开，有时候进入下一行的时侯，上一行的字距又自动变大了，这是为什么？怎么纠正啊？delete in
答：是因为自动对齐的功能，格式――段落――对齐方式可以选。还有允许断字的功能如果check 上，就不会出现你说的情况了。
25. 问：在使用WORD 的样式之后，如标题1、标题2 之类的，在这些样式前面总会出现一个黑黑的方块，虽然打印的时候看不到，但看着总是不舒服，有没有办法让它不要显示呢？答：“视图”－－“显示段落标志”，把前面的勾去掉。其实这个很有用，可以便于知道哪个是标题段落

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