目录
1 英文文献翻译.......................................................................................
1.1 Machine Tools (1)
1.2 机床 (9)
2 专业阅读书目........................................................................................
2.1 机械设计 (16)
2.2 机械原理 (16)
2.3 材料力学 (17)
2.4 现代工程图学 (17)
2.5 互换性与技术测量 (18)
2.6 机电传动控制 (18)
2.7 机械制造基础 (18)
2.8 机械制造技术 (19)
2.9 数控技术 (19)
2.10 理论力学 (20)
1 英文文献翻译
1.1Machine Tools
Machine Tools are machines for cutting metals.The most important of machine tools used in industry are lathes,drilling machines and milling machines.Other kinds of metal working machines are not so widely used in machining metals as these three.
The lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family.For turning operations,the lathe uses a single point cutting tool,which removes metal as it travels past the revolving work-piece.Turning operations are required to make many different cylindrical shapes,such as axes,gear blanks,pulleys,and threaded shafts.Boring operations are performed to enlarge,finish,and accurately locate holes.
Drilling is performed with a rotating tool called a drill.Most drilling in metal is done with a twist drill.The machine used for drilling is called a drill press.Operations,such as reaming and tapping,are also classified as drilling.Reaming consists of removing a small amount of metal form a hole already drilled.
Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it.
Milling removes metal with a revolving,multiple cutting edge tools called milling cutter.Milling cutters are made in many styles and size.Some have as few as two cutting edges and others have 30 or more.Milling can produce flat,angled surfaces,groves,slots,gear teeth,and other profiles,depending on the shape of the cutters being used.
Shaping and planing produce flat surfaces with a single point cutting tool.In shaping,the cutting tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while
the work is fed automatically towards the tool.In planing,the work-piece is attached to a worktable that reciprocates past the cutting tool.The cutting tool is automatically fed into the work-piece a small amount on each stroke.
Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting.Grinding operations may be classified as precision or non-precision,depending on the purpose.Precision grinding is concerned with grinding to close tolerances and very smooth finish.Non-precision grinding involves the removals of metal where accuracy is not important.
Lathe
A lathe is a machine tool for cutting metal form the surface of a round work fastened between the two lathe centers and turning around its axis.In turning the work a cutter moves in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the work or at an angle to this axis,cutting off the metal from the surface of the work.This movement of the cutter is called the feed.The cutter is clamped in the tool post which is mounted on the carriage.The carriage is the mechanism feeding the cutter in the needed direction.The lathe hand may feed the cutter by hang or may make it be fed automatically by means of special gears.
The largest part of the lathe is called the bed on which the headstock and the tailstock are fastened at opposite ends.On the upper part of the bed there are special ways upon which the carriage and the tailstock silde.
The two lathe centers are mounted in two spindles:one(the live center)is held in the headstock spindle,while the other (the dead center)in the tailstock spindle.
The lathe chuck is used for chucking the work,which is for clamping it so that it will rotate without wobbling while turning.The chuck,usually,mounted on the headstock spindle,may have different sizes and construction.If the work is perfectly round,it may be chucked in the so-called three-jaw universal chuck,all the jaws of which are moved to the center by turning the screw.But if the work is not perfectly round,the four-jaw independent chuck should be used.
In turning different materials and works of different diameters,lathes must
be run at different speeds.The gearbox contained in the headstock makes it possible to run the lathe at various speeds.
Before turning a work in the lathe,the lathe centers are to be aligned;that means that the axes of both centers must be on one line.
The alignment of the lathe center may be tested by taking a cut and then measuring both ends of the cut with a micrometer,
Not all works should be fastened between the two centers of the lathe.A short work may be turned without using the dead center,by simply chucking it properly at the spindle of the headstock.
Drills and Drilling Machines
The twist drill is a very efficient tool.It is generally formed by forging and twisting grooves in a flat strip of steel or by milling a cylindrical piece of steel,high-speed steel being commonly used.High-speed steel costs more but tools made of it withstand heat much better than those made of ordinary tool steel.
The twist drill may be divided into three principal parts:body,shank,and point.The flutes are the spiral grooves that are formed on the side of a drill,drills being made with two,three,or four flutes.Those having three or four flutes are used for following smaller drills or for enlarging holes already drilled,and are not suited for drilling into solid stock.
Spiral flutes have four main advantages:
(1)They give the correct rake to the lip of a drill.
(2)They cause the chip to curl so tightly that it occupies the minimum amount of space.
(3)They form channels through which chips escape from the hole.
(4)They allow the lubricant to flow easily down to the cutting edge.
The margin is the narrow strip on the cutting edge of the flute.It is practically the full diameter of the drill and extends the entire length of the flute,its surface being a part of a cylinder.The portion of the body next to
the margin is of less diameter than the margin.This lessened diameter,called body clearance,reduces the friction between the drill and the walls of the hole,while the margin insures the hole being of accurate size.
The shank is the end of the drill which fits into the socket,spindle,or chuck of the drill press.The tang is usually found only on tapered shank tools.
The drilling machine is the second oldest machine tools,having been invented shortly after the lathe,and is one of the most common and useful machines.The drilling machines may be classified into three general types:vertical spindle,multiple spindle,and radial spindle machine.The vertical spindle drilling machine comes in three types:heavy duty,plain,and sensitive.
Besides the drilling of holes,such operations may be performed on the drilling machine:drilling,tapping(internal threading),reaming(finishing the hole with a reamer),countersinking,counterboring,boring and spot-facing.
Milling Machines
The milling machine is a machine that removes metal from the work with a revolving milling cutter as the work is fed against it.The milling cutter is mounted on an arbor where it is held in place by spacers or bushing.The arbor is fixed in the spindle with one end,while the other end of the arbor rotates in the bearing mounted on the arbor yoke.pulleys
The milling cutter are generally made from high speed steel and are available in different sizes and shapes.There are such kinds of milling cutters as cylindrical cutters,end milling cutters(for face milling),from milling cutters,angular,side and face cutter,slitting saw,ect.These cutters may differ in the direction of their hey may cut revolving either clockwise or counter-clockwise.
Regular or irregular shaped work may be produced on a milling machine,designs varying according to the particular class of work wanted.According to the position of the spindle,the milling machines may be divided into two groups of vertical spindle milling machines and horizontal spindle milling

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