南京中考英语阅读理解考点解读与应试技巧
中考英语阅读理解考点解读与应试技巧
阅读理解主要考察学生获取信息和分析信息的阅读能力。阅读理解的命题围绕新课标要求，文章的选材趋于多元化，题型涉及词句含义的理解，事实细节辨析推理、中心思想主题句提炼等，点面结合、全面地考察学生的阅读理解能力。阅读理解篇幅和分值都比较大，是很多同学比较头疼的项目，本文就和大家分享一些阅读理解的答题技巧和方法。
阅读理解的文本形式有非连续性文本（图表、图解文字、目录、说明书、广告、地图等）和连续性文本（由句子和段落构成的文本，例如小说、散文等）。文章的题材根据新课标要求涵盖了人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三个主题语境的各类话题，以这些主题语境为依托，阅读的体裁主要有记叙文、议论文、说明文、戏剧、新闻报道、应用文等。
阅读理解的常见题型：
1、主旨大意题
2、事实细节题
3、词义猜测题
4、推理判断题
PART 01 阅读理解解题步骤
面对不同的文本结构，不同的话题语境，同学们在做阅读理解的时候首先要做好这两步：
1、抓主题
2、看题目
这两步需要我们通过略读来完成，包括略读文章和略读题目从而大致了解话题，然后带着问题带着思考去文中细读、寻读。
略读就是迅速地阅读，以求抓住文章的梗概。略读的目的是为获得大意或者总体印象而进行阅读。这就像我们看报纸时，几版、十几版的页面不可能一字不漏地往下看，只能用最快的速度出主题，略掉一些无关紧要的细节或与主题不甚相干的部分，知道其中的大概内容。略读的关键在于一个“略”字，注意力应该集中在大意，而不是细节上。
如何“抓主题”？
1、抓住文章标题或副标题。
2、寻主题段和每段主题句
我们考试中大多数文章没有标题，更多情况下，我们需要去出主题段和每段的中心句，中心句通常是每段的首句或末句，有时也会出现在段落中间，中心句后面的内容都是围绕这个中心展开的，通过中心句，我们能把握住文章的大致话题。
例题：
People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. "In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better," says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale (呼出) CO2 which plants need to survive and grow better. Plants take in CO2 through their pores (小孔) during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people to survive. Singing and talking have good effect on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime
will not help plants to grow better or grow faster.
【解析】本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。
如何“看题目”？
“看题目”包括读题干和选项。只有了解了问题，我们带着问题去读文章才更有的放矢（尤其对于相对较难的篇章）。题干和选项也要通过略读捕捉关键词，这些关键词帮助我们快速理解问题的意思。
关键词分两种:
1、形式上的关键词，即题干中的专有名词、数词和特殊标点等;
2、内容上的关键词，即可以着重表达句子意思的词或者词组。例题：
faster怎么读?People think Mei Lanfang played an important role in the spread
of Beijing Opera because________.
A. he made many tours to a foreign country.
B. he was a famous Beijing Opera performer.
C. he was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners.
D. he made Beijing Opera different from other theatrical art forms.
【解析】划线部分例如Mei Lanfang、Beijing Opera这样的专有名词、限定词famous、数词first都是形式关键词。Tours、foreign country、performer等是内容关键词。这两种关键词的结合就是我们需要抓住的“点”。
在略读的基础上，我们可以带着问题与思考去比较仔细地阅读或寻读，从而得出答案。
PART 02 解题方法与例题分析
【方法策略】
针对阅读常见的四大题型，不同题型都是有其对应的解题方法。接下来，我们具体分析每一类题型的方法策略。
（一）主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考察同学们对文章或段落的深层次理解能力，以及通过速读把握文章大意的能力。
主要命题方式：
1、The passage is mainly about____.
2、What is the best title for this passage?
3、What’s the main idea of the passage?
4、What’s the subject of the passage？
5、What’s the topic of the passage?
解题技巧：
此类问题主要围绕标题、文章大意进行设置。这就要求我们对选项进行分析。题目的正确选
项具有这样的特征：它能全面概括和总结文章。相对于正确选项，错误选项或干扰项往往缺乏“全面性”和“概括性”，内容过宽或过窄，只是对某些段落的概括而非全文，或者和文章毫无关联，还有些选项也对文章进行了较全面的概括但含有错误信息，这些选项都应该排除。
把握文章主旨的技巧是去这三种类型的信息：主题段、主题句和高频词。这三类信息都是紧扣文章主旨的。
例题：
For many businessmen, online education has been a dream. Now it has come true. The investment (投资) in higher education, whether financial or in terms of time, has long been impossible for many of them. But well-known educational institutions have chosen to deliver an internet-based program, and these barriers (障碍) have been lifted.
That is good news for people eager to improve themselves and is more attractive to employers. It is also a benefit to industry with better qualified candidates applying for jobs at every level.
Having the benefits of a higher qualification (资格证书) without
going to the university campus is attractive to many students. Campus study means greater cost, while online programs are flexible (灵活的) and save time, whether at home or at work. Students can achieve their degrees without causing too much disruption to their career or home life.
In addition to affordable, flexible classes and greater convenience, students also have access to the online learning resources of many of the world’s top educational institutions. They can also communicate with their tutors no matter what time it is or whether either party is away for any reason.
This has opened up the possibility of getting a qualification from a university or college that many students could only have dreamed of in the past. It also allows specialists to get the precise qualifications and focus on their studies. As well as seeing the increase of applicants from lower-incomes and housewives, studying online in the US is even becoming popular with younger people of college age.
Employers have become increasingly welcome and positive to online qualifications as more candidates earn them, especially if they’re properly approved by the US Department of Education.
US institutions have led the way in online education provision. Many top US colleges and universities offer a range of online programs that are highly respected and in every way perfectly fit for adults who need to combine their studies with a working life.
Which would be a good title for the passage?
A. Adult Education Online
B. The Best of USA’s Online Education
C. Top US Universities Offering Online Education
D. Online Education Taking the Place of Campus Education
【解析】考察新闻报告类短文阅读。该题是考察最佳标题，属于文章主旨大意题。本文主要
讲述的是美国的网络教学的好处和优势，可以节省钱，同时也很便利，不影响人们的生活和事业。第一段是主题段。That is good news , It is also a , Having the benefits of ..., In addition to affordable, flexible classes and greater convenience, students ,This has opened up the , Employers have become increasingly welcome and positive , 这些每段的中心句，高频词 Online Education以及句中包含的good、benefit、convenience等词均与B项表述契合。该选项包含所有内容，能够全面概括出文章的主旨要义。A项过于笼统，C项的中心词Top US Universities显然不是本文讨论的主题，D项突出网络教学与传统教学的对比，本文没有提及，均为干扰项。

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