grep命令过滤配置⽂件中的注释和空⾏grep ⽤法
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE).
Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c
Regexp selection and interpretation:
-E, --extended-regexp    PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE)
-F, --fixed-strings      PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings
-G, --basic-regexp        PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE)
-P, --perl-regexp        PATTERN is a Perl regular expression
-e, --regexp=PATTERN      use PATTERN for matching
-
f, --file=FILE          obtain PATTERN from FILE
-i, --ignore-case        ignore case distinctions
-w, --word-regexp        force PATTERN to match only whole words
-x, --line-regexp        force PATTERN to match only whole lines
-z, --null-data          a data line ends in0byte, not newline
Miscellaneous:
-s, --no-messages        suppress error messages
-v, --invert-match        select non-matching lines
-V, --version            print version information and exit
--help                display this help and exit
--mmap                ignored for backwards compatibility
Output control:
-m, --max-count=NUM      stop after NUM matches
-b, --byte-offset        print the byte offset with output lines
-n, --line-number        print line number with output lines
--line-buffered      flush output on every line
-H, --with-filename      print the filename for each match
-h, --no-filename        suppress the prefixing filename on output
--label=LABEL        print LABEL as filename for standard input
-o, --only-matching      show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
-q, --quiet, --silent    suppress all normal output
--binary-files=TYPE  assume that binary files are TYPE;
TYPE is `binary', `text', or `without-match'
-a, --text                equivalent to --binary-files=text
-I                        equivalent to --binary-files=without-match
-d, --directories=ACTION  how to handle directories;
ACTION is `read', `recurse', or `skip'
-D, --devices=ACTION      how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;
ACTION is `read' or `skip'
-R, -r, --recursive      equivalent to --directories=recurse
--include=FILE_PATTERN  search only files that match FILE_PATTERN
--exclude=FILE_PATTERN  skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN
input命令
--exclude-from=FILE  skip files matching any file pattern from FILE
-
-exclude-dir=PATTERN  directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.
-L, --files-without-match  print only names of FILEs containing no match
-l, --files-with-matches  print only names of FILEs containing matches
-c, --count              print only a count of matching lines per FILE
-T, --initial-tab        make tabs line up (if needed)
-Z, --null                print 0byte after FILE name
Context control:
-B, --before-context=NUM  print NUM lines of leading context
-A, --after-context=NUM  print NUM lines of trailing context
-C, --context=NUM        print NUM lines of output context
-NUM                      same as --context=NUM
-
-color[=WHEN],
--colour[=WHEN]      use markers to highlight the matching strings;
WHEN is `always', `never', or `auto'
-U, --binary              do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS)
-u, --unix-byte-offsets  report offsets as if CRs were not there (MSDOS)
例⼦
# 显⽰过滤注释( # ; 开头) 和空⾏后的配置信息
$ grep -Ev "^$|^[#;]" f
# 显⽰所有带 root 的⾏
$ grep root /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
$ cat /etc/passwd | grep root
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
# 将没有出现 root 的⾏取出来
$ grep -v root /etc/passwd

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