CC++中各种类型int、long、double、char表⽰范围（最⼤最⼩
值）
// fisttest.cpp : 定义控制台应⽤程序的⼊⼝点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include <limits>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl;
cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;
cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;
cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(short);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;
cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long long);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<long long>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<long long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;
cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;
cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(size_t);
cout << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();
cout << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;
cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(string) << endl;
// << "\t最⼤值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最⼩值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;
cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl;
system("pause");
return0;
}
/*运⾏结果分析：
以上结果已经很明⽩了，⼀下补充说明⼏点：
概念、整型：表⽰整数、字符和布尔值的算术类型合称为整型（integral type）。
关于带符号与⽆符号类型：整型 int、stort  和  long 都默认为带符号型。要获得⽆符号型则必须制定该类型为unsigned，⽐如unsigned long。unsigned int类型可以简写为unsigned，也就是说，unsigned后不加其他类型说明符就意味着是unsigned int。
⼀字节表⽰⼋位，即：1byte = 8 bit;
int: 4byte =  32 bit有符号signed范围：2^31-1 ~ -2^31即：2147483647 ~ -2147483648⽆符号unsigned范围：2^32-1 ~ 0即：4294967295 ~ 0 long: 4 byte = 32 bit同int型
double: 8 byte = 64 bit范围：1.79769e+308 ~ 2.22507e-308
long double: 12 byte = 96 bit范围： 1.18973e+4932 ~ 3.3621e-4932
float: 4 byte = 32 bit范围： 3.40282e+038 ~ 1.17549e-038
int、unsigned、long、unsigned long 、double的数量级最⼤都只能表⽰为10亿，即它们表⽰⼗进制的位数不超过10个，即可以保存所有9位整数。⽽short只是能表⽰5位；
float型另外对于浮点说⽽⾔：使⽤double类型基本上不会有错。在float类型中隐式的精度损失是不能忽视的，⼆双精度计算的代价相对于单精度可以忽略。事实上，在有些机器上，double类型⽐float类型的计算要快得多。float型只能保证6位有效数字，⽽double型⾄少可以保证15位有效数字（⼩数点后的数位），long double型提供的精度通常没有必要，⽽且还要承担额外的运⾏代价。
double是8字节共64位，其中⼩数位占52位，2-^52=2.2204460492503130808472633361816e-16，量级为10^-16，故能够保证2^-15的所有精度。
在有些机器上，⽤long类型进⾏计算所付出的运⾏时代价远远⾼于⽤int类型进⾏同样计算的代价，所以算则类型前要先了解程序的细节并且⽐较long类型与int类型的实际运⾏时性能代价。

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