临床肺科杂志2021年7月第26卷第7期1131帕博利珠单抗晚期肺肉瘤样癌1例
马丽云赵秋红闫春良
肺肉瘤样癌(Pulmonag sarcomatoib carcinomas, PSC)是一类恶性度较高、分化差、发病率低的肺恶性肿瘤,占非小细胞肺癌(non-smal l cal l lung cancer,NSCLC)的0.1%~0.4%[1]o本文回顾了我科收治的一例晚期肺肉瘤样癌病人,应用帕博利珠单抗的过程,并对相关文献进行了复习,以提高对该疾病的认识。
临床资料
患者男性,60岁,因“确诊肺癌1年余”于2019年5月20日收入我院。既往吸烟20余年,10支/日,戒19年。患者于2017年11月因胸痛就诊北京协和医院,CT提不左肺占位,大小约2.7x2.9c叫左肾中部占位,大小约2.8x2.7cm。2017年11月21日PETNT提示:1)左肺上叶代谢异常增高团块,大小约 3.6x3.6x3.0c叫SUVavg&0,SUVmax 21.7,考虑恶性病变可能性大,左肾中部后外侧实质内软组织密度结节,代谢稍增高,不除外恶性,中腹部右前方近腹膜代谢增高淋巴结,大小约1-3x 1.6,SUVavg7.8,SUV ccx20.0,性质待定。2)前纵隔升主动脉前不规则软组织影,无代谢活性,考虑良性。3)双肾多发囊肿,右肾盂钙化,前列腺增大并钙化。4)部分胸腰椎椎体骨质增生。5)直窦、上矢状窦及横窦增宽,未见代谢增高灶(图1)。2017年11月23日CT引导下行经皮肺穿刺,病理提示肺组织实变,其内见分化差的肿瘤细胞浸润,细胞呈
梭形,结合免疫组化,考虑肉瘤样癌。患者未诊治。2017年12月25日复查CT提示左肺占位,大小约5.1x4-4cm,较前增大,左肾中部占位,大小约2-8 x2.5cm,膜多组密度节,较者 2.6 x2.4cm,腹膜后多发淋巴结同前。2018年1月4日胸腔镜下行左上肺切除-淋巴结清扫术+前纵隔探查术,术后病理提示肺浸润性腺癌,部分呈腺泡型,部分呈肉瘤样癌,免疫组化检测:ALK-C5F3(阴性对照)(-),Nap/n A(-),TTFN(部分+,部分
dol:10.3969/j.imn.1009-6663.2021.07.036
作者单位:100076北京,北京航天总医院
-),CD10(少量弱阳),AEPAE3(+),Vimenfn (+),CA9(部分弱阳),RCC(-),PAXV(-), CK7(+),KP7(50%+),CEA(-),EMA(+), ALK-D5F3(肿瘤)(-),(图2)。免疫组化检测PD-L1:70%-80%肿瘤细胞表达,染强度(2+),20 -30%浸润免疫细胞表达,染强度(2+)(图3)。血浆基因检测提示常见驱动基因突变阴性。2018年1月23日CT提示肝脏稍低密度灶,左肾中部占位,小 2.8x2.5cm,膜多组密度节,较大者约5.8x4.1cm,肠系膜根部淋巴结较前增大,腹膜后多发淋巴结。2018年1月26日全麻 下行腹部肿物切除术。2018年2月2日CT提示左肺术后改变,肝多发稍低密度灶伴环形强化,较前显示清晰,转移瘤可能,腹膜区软组织影未见,肠系膜及腹膜后结节团块,较前增大,考虑转移瘤,左肾中部占位,较前略大,大小约2.8x2.6cm。结合病史腹部肿物病理回报考虑肉瘤样癌,免疫组化检测PDN1:>50%肿
瘤细胞有表达,染强度(1+~2 +),2%浸润免疫细胞有表达,染强度(1+-2 +)。组织基因检测提示常见驱动基因突变阴性。2018年2月12日开始先后在北京协和医院和我院行帕博利珠单抗200mg,至今共42疗程。2019年3月25日复查PETNT提示左上肺癌术后,腹膜肿物切除术后,与2017年11月21日PETNT 比较,(1)原左肺上叶代谢异常增高团块、中腹部右前方近腹膜代谢增高结节均已手术切除;原左肾中部后外侧实质内软组织密度结节,较前缩小代谢活性降低,(2)新增食道上段左侧壁局部代谢增高,炎性病变可能,必要时可行胃镜检查,(3)原前纵隔升主动脉前方不规则软组织影,无代谢活性,考虑良性改变,同前,左肺陈旧性索条影,(4)新增右肾后方小结节,无代谢增高,考虑良性,原双肾多发囊肿、右肾盂钙化、前列腺增大伴钙化,均同前,(5)部分胸腰椎椎体骨质增生,(6)直窦、上矢状窦及横窦增宽,未见代谢增高灶,头、颈、胸、腹及盆腔其余部位PETNT显像未见异常(图4)。2020年4月20日复PET-CT提左后,膜物切后,与2019年3月25日PETNT比较:(1)术区未见异
1132临床肺科杂志2021年7月第26卷第7期
图12017年11月21日PET-CT表现:左肺上叶见一放射性摄取增高团块。图2左上肺手术切除病理提示肺浸润性腺癌,部分呈腺泡型,部分呈肉瘤样癌(HE染x4)图3肿瘤细胞和浸润免疫细胞PD-L1的表达(X200)图42019年03月25日PET-CT表现:原左肺上叶代谢异常增高团块已手术切除。图52020年04月20日PET-CT表现:未见异常代谢增高灶&
常代谢增高灶;原左肾中部后外侧结节,现已不明;(2)原炎性病变,现已不;(3)原前
无活性软组织密度影,右肾后方无活性小结节,双肾多,前列腺化,脊柱性变,均
致同前(图5)。随访至2020年8月,患者效评估为完全!
讨论
PSC是一组含有肉瘤样细胞(梭形细胞和或巨形细胞)或肉瘤样分化的非小细[1]!2015年
WHO将PSC分为5种类型(多性癌、细、巨细、癌肉瘤和细胞瘤)+2打中老年
pane男性多发,吸多见,好年龄为65〜75岁PSC恶性较高,他NSCLC相似,大于70%的患者时已远移⑷。PSC 的影像为中和周+2,5〕,含鳞分的多形性癌和癌肉瘤在支气管内肉,周围型PSC通常呈圆形较大的肿块,边缘清楚,可见和或坏死及空洞。PSC中位生存期为10个,5年生存率为15%
PSC早期首选手术,但临床效果不如其他类型NSCLC,易复发,70%远处转移,其中50%在半年内发生转移,中位生存期在后缩短,约2.6个月[7]。PSC对化不敏感,Vieira等⑻的多中,97例PSC患者,73%以钳类为基础,27%非钳类为基础的化疗,经过平均2个周期的化疗,69%的患者,31%患者疾全,16.5%部分,中位无生存为2个(CX95%:1.8~2.3),中位总生存期是6.3个月,(A95%:4.7~7.8)o
靶方面,PSC中的EGFR突变低于其他NSCLC,为0-28%小11〕。根据目前研究,存在EGFR突变的患者,
酪氨酸激制剂(Tymsina kinasa inhibitors,TKI)的疗效也不稳定[12],似乎说明EGFR突变不会成为PSC的重要驱基因。KRAS突变是非鳞非小细最常见的一种突变之一,KRAS突变在PSC中为15%〜39%[13—17]。新的一款KRAS G12突变制剂-TMG 510,目前还处于试验的段,希
PSC患者带来一个新的希望。根据最近的meta分析[18],MET第14外显子剪接突变的发生率在PSC 中是可变的。总的来说,它在非小细中腺癌的发生率是2%,鳞状细胞癌1%,腺鳞癌6%,PSC 占13%o小单病例报告的初步,发生MET14剪变的PSC患者MET 制剂效+15,19-22打,KRAS抑制剂和MET抑制剂作为PSC的选择。
免疫方面,程序性1((programmed death-1,PD-1)是一个重要的免疫检查点,制外周组织中T细胞的活性[23]。PD1和PD-L1抑制剂通过阻断PD-1/程序性死亡蛋白配体1 (PD-C1)释放患者自身的T细胞来杀死肿瘤[24]O 以PD-1/PD-C1抑制剂已经被批准于PD-C1表阳性的晚期NSCLC的一、。,PSC患者PD-C1阳性率为50%-90%,明显高于其他NSCLC[25-26],提示PD-1、PD-L1抑制剂可能对肺肉瘤效。同,A/等[27]的,44例PSC患者中有47%的患者PD-C1表达率"50%, 84%的患者PD-C1表达率"1%o Wu等[28〕研究发现,21例PSC患者中87.5%PD-C1表达阳性,且SUVmao为17的瘤组织中PD-C1高("50%),KRAS突变关。的一例PSC患者瘤细PD-L1为70%〜80%,
—致。珠单抗是一种PD-1抑制剂。美国国立综合癌症网络(Ns/nS Comprehensive Cancar Network,NCCN)指南建议PD-L1表达水平大
临床肺科杂志2021年7月第26卷第7期1133
于等于50%,EGFR、ALK、ROS1、MET第14外显子剪接突变和BRAF V600E检测阴性情况下,帕博利珠单抗单药可作为转移性NSCLC的一线方S[29]!基于KEYNOTEN24和KEYNOTEN42研究,帕博利珠单抗单药被推荐用于PDN1表达" 50%和1%-49%的IV期无驱动基因、非鳞NSCLC 的一线。我科收治的该例PSC患者应用帕博利珠单抗有效。总结PSC患者使用PD1/LD-L1抑制剂的合理性在于以下两个方面:首先,免疫在NCSLC中取得了显著效果,改善了无疾病进展和整体生存率,在相当一部分患者中引起的不良事件标准化疗低[30]o其次,最近研究显示,免疫在PSC这样的肿瘤,或者以高度遗传损伤为特征的烟草相关的肿瘤中疗效更好[31]o虽然关于PSC免疫的病例较少,但初步结果证实了使用免疫检查点抑制剂有效[32]!
总上所述,免疫可能成为PSC的有效手段。
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[收稿日期#2020-09-07]
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