論　語
Confucian Analects
James Legge ,1893
 
學而第一
Book I: Hsio R
 
Chapter 1
  子曰：“學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？”
The whole work and achievement of the learner, first perfecting his knowledge, then attracting by his fame like-minded individuals, and finally complete in himself.
1. The Master said, "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?
2. "Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
3. "Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?"
achievement [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n.完成；成就
perfect[ˈpɜ:fɪkt] v.使完善；使完备；使完美
attract [əˈtrækt]vt.吸引；引起…的好感 
fame [feɪm] n.名声；名望 
like-minded [laɪk 'maɪndɪd] adj.志趣相投的 
individuals [ɪndɪ'vɪdʒʊəlz] n. [口语]人；某种类型的人 
constant [ˈkɒnstənt] adj. 不断的，持续的，始终如一的 
perseverance [ˌpɜ:sɪˈvɪərəns]n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
delightful [dɪˈlaɪtfl] adj. 令人高兴的；令人愉快的；宜人的 
distant [ˈdɪstənt] adj. 遥远的，远离的
quarter [ˈkwɔ:tə(r)] n. 地区 
virtue [ˈvɜ:tʃu:] n. 美德；德行；价值 
discomposure [ˌdɪskəm'pəʊʒə(r)] n. 心乱，不安 
take note of 注意，留意
Chapter 2
  有子曰：“其爲人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鮮矣。不好犯上，而好作亂者，未之有也。君子務本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其爲仁之本與！”
Filial piety and fraternal submission are the foundation of all virtuous practice.
1. The philosopher Yû said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion.
2. "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission! -- are they not the root of all benevolent actions?"
filial [ˈfɪliəl]adj.子女的 
piety[ˈpaɪəti] n.虔诚，虔敬；孝顺
fraternal [frəˈtɜ:nl]adj.兄弟的；兄弟般的 
submission [səbˈmɪʃn] n.服从；谦恭，柔顺 
virtuous [ˈvɜ:tʃuəs] adj.道德的，有德行的；善良的 
philosopher [fəˈlɒsəfə(r)] n. 哲学家； 思想家
offend [əˈfend] vt. 触怒；冒犯 
superior [su:ˈpɪəriə(r)] n.上级，上司；优胜者 
stir up [stə: ʌp] 激起；挑起；搅扰 
bend [bend] vt.（使）弯曲；强行；集中全力于 
radical [ˈrædɪkl] adj.根本的，基本的；彻底的
benevolent [bəˈnevələnt] adj.乐善好施的；慈善的
Chapter 3
  子曰：“巧言令，鮮矣仁。”
Fair appearances are suspicious.
The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue."
fair [feə(r)] adj. 公平的；晴朗的；美丽的
appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n. 外貌，外观 
suspicious [səˈspɪʃəs] adj. 可疑的；怀疑的；不信任的
insinuating [ɪn'sɪnjʊeɪtɪŋ] adj. 曲意巴结的，暗示的 
be associated [əˈsəʊʃieɪt] with 和…联系在一起；与…有关
 
Chapter 4
  曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：爲人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習乎？”
How the philosopher Tsang daily examined himself, to guard against his being guilty of any imposition.
The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-- whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-- whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-- whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher."
earnestphilosopher [fəˈlɒsəfə(r)] n.哲学家，哲人；思想家 
guilty [ˈgɪlti] adj.内疚的；有罪的 
imposition [ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃn] n.强加；被迫接受；过分的要求 
transact [trænˈzækt] vt.办理（业务等） 
faithful [ˈfeɪθfl] adj.忠实的； 忠诚的；正确的 
intercourse [ˈɪntəkɔ:s] n.交流，交往，交际 
sincere [sɪnˈsɪə(r)] adj.真诚的，诚挚的；〈古〉纯粹的 
master [ˈmɑ:stə(r)] vt.精通，熟练
instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] n.授课；教诲；传授的或获得的课程
 
Chapter 5
  子曰：“道千乘之國，敬事而信，節用而愛人，使民以時。”
Fundamental principles for the government of a large state.
The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons."
 
Chapter 6
  子曰：“弟子入則孝，出則弟，謹而信，汎愛眾，而親仁。行有餘力，則以學文。”
Rules for the training of the young:-- duty first and then accomplishments.
The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies."
 
Chapter 7
  子夏曰：“賢賢易；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；與朋友交，言而有信。雖曰未學，吾必謂之學矣。”
Tsze-hsiâ's views of the substance of learning.
Tsze-hsiâ said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-- although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has."

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