中文参考文献格式
一、参考文献的类型及其标识
1、根据GB 3469规定，以单字母方式标识以下各种参考文献类型：
参考文献类型
专著
论文集
报纸文章
期刊文章
学位论文
报告
标准
专利
文献类型标识
M
C
N
J
D
R
S
P
2、对于专著、论文集中的析出文献，其文献类型标识建议采用单字母“A”；对于其他未说明的文献类型，建议采用单字母“Z”。
3、对于数据库、计算机程序及电子公告等电子文献类型的参考文献，建议以下列双字母作为标识：
电子参考文献类型
数据库
计算机程序
电子公告
电子文献类型标识
DB
CP
EB
电子文献载体类型及其标识：磁带(magnetic tape)——MT，磁盘(disk)——DK，光盘(CD-ROM)——CD，联机网络(online)——OL
［文献类型标识/载体类型标识］
如：［DB/OL］——联机网上数据库(database online)
［DB/MT］——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape)
［M/CD］——光盘图书(monograph on CD-ROM)
［CP/DK］——磁盘软件(computer program on disk)
［J/OL］——网上期刊(serial online)
［EB/OL］——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online)
二、各类参考文献条目的编排格式及示例
a.专著、论文集、学位论文、报告
［1］刘国钧，陈绍业，王凤翥.图书馆目录［M].北京：高等教育出版社，1957.15-18.
［2］辛希孟.信息技术与信息服务国际研讨会论文集：A集［C］.北京：中国社会科学出版社，1994.32-34.
［3］张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集［D］.北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所，1983.17-19.
［4］冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析［R］.北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院，1997.21-23.
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［文献类型标识］.出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码.例如：
b.期刊文章
［5］何龄修.读顾城《南明史》［J］.中国史研究，1998，(3)：167-173.
［6］金显贺，王昌长，王忠东，等.一种用于在线检测局部放电的数字滤波技术［J］.清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1993，33(4)：62-67.
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［J］.刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码.例如：
c.论文集中的析出文献
［7］钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用［A］.赵玮.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集［C］.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996. 468-471.
［序号］析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名［A］.原文献主要责任者(任选).原文献题名［C］.出版地：出版者，出版年.析出文献起止页码.例如：
d.报纸文章
［8］谢希德.创造学习的新思路［N］.人民日报，1998-12-25(10).
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名 ［N］.报纸名，出版日期(版次).例如：
e.国际、国家标准
［9］GB/T 16159-1996，汉语拼音正词法基本规则［S］.
［序号］标准编号，标准名称［S］.例如：
f.专利
［10］姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案［P］.中国专利：881056073，1989-07-26.
［序号］专利所有者.专利题名［P］.专利国别：专利号，出版日期.例如：
g.电子文献
［11］王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展［EB/OL］.www.cajcd.edu//980810-2.html,1998-08-16/1998-10-04.
include中文［12］万锦坤.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983-1993).英文版［DB/CD］.北京:中国大百科全书出版社，1996.
［序号］主要责任者.电子文献题名［电子文献及载体类型标识］.电子文献的出处或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).例如：
h.各种未定义类型的文献
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［Z］.出版地：出版者，出版年.
www.dianahacker/resdoc/p04_c08_s2.html
MLA LIST OF WORKS CITED
An alphabetized list of works cited, which appears at the end of your research paper, gives publication information for each of the sources you have cited in the paper. (For information about preparing the list, click here; for a sample list of works cited, click here.)
Unless your instructor asks for them, omit sources not actually cited in the paper, even if you read them.
MLA requires the medium of publication in all works cited entries, usually at the end of the entry: for example, "Print," "Web," "Television," "Film," "Lecture." (See specific items throughout this section.)
General guidelines for listing authors
Alphabetize entries in the list of works cited by authors' last names (or by title if a work has no author). The author's name is important because citations in the text of the paper refer to it and readers will be looking for it at the beginning of an entry in the alphabetized list.
NAME CITED IN TEXT
According to Matt Sundeen, . . .
BEGINNING OF WORKS CITED ENTRY
Sundeen, Matt.
Items 1–5 show how to begin an entry for a work with a single author, multiple authors, a corporate author, an unknown author, and multiple works by the same author. What comes after this first element of your citation will depend on the kind of source you are citing. (See items 6–60.)
NOTE: For a book, an entry in the works cited list will sometimes begin with an editor (see item 9).
1. SINGLE AUTHORFor a work with one author, begin with the author's last name, followed by a comma; then give the author's first name, followed by a period.
Tannen, Deborah.
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2. MULTIPLE AUTHORSFor works with two or three authors, name the authors in the order in which they are listed in the source. Reverse the name of only the first author.
Walker, Janice R., and Todd Taylor.
Wilmut, Ian, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge.
For a work with four or more authors, either name all of the authors or name the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others").
Sloan, Frank A., Emily M. Stout, Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein, and Lan
Liang.
Sloan, Frank A., et al.
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3. CORPORATE AUTHORWhen the author of a print document or Web site is a corporation, a government agency, or some other organization, begin your entry with the name of the group.
First Union.
United States. Bureau of the Census.
American Automobile Association.
NOTE: Your in-text citation should also treat the organization as the author (see item 9).
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4. UNKNOWN AUTHORWhen the author of a work is unknown, begin with the work's title. Titles of articles and other short works, such as brief documents from Web sites, are put in quotation marks. Titles of books and other long works, such as entire Web sites, are italicized.

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