►专题02 非谓语动词用法梳理+高考题型组合练
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【考情链接】
非谓语动词是高考非常重要的必考重难点，几乎占语法填空三分之一分值。非谓语包括动词不定式、动名词及现在分词与过去分词。要厘清非谓语构成及其各种形式。非谓语主要考查点分别有:
1. 动词不定式的正确运用，尤其是被动式、进行式和完成式的正确运用;
2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语，宾语补是语和状语的区别以及分词在 with 复合结构及独立主格结构中的运用。
3. 动名词的正确运用:介词后接的动名词的用法，常见接动名词作宾语的动词，含动名词的常
见固定句型，尤其是被动式和完成式的正确运用以及复合结构的正确识别。
【要点梳理】
考点一：不定式用法
1. 构成
一般式 | to do /被动 to be done | 进行式 | to be doing |
完成式 | to have done /被动 to have been done | 完成进行式 | to have been doing |
1. To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.
2. I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.
3. It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.
4. It happened to be raining when I got there.
【经典题例】
1.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. to have broken
2. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ___________ (work) on the computer. to be working
3. She was the first woman ___________ (elect) to such a post. to be elected
4.Energy drinks are not allowed _________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. to be made
注意①seem; appear; be said; be supposed; be believed; be thought; be known; be reported等动词常用不定式。注意②expect / hope /intend/ mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示“过去未曾实现的愿望”。 也可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达“原打算、原以为”之意思。如：
I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你，但没来成。
I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨晚能在这里见到他。
I had hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up. 我本希望在火车站接到他但他未露面。
2．用法
To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. （主语/形式主语）
He managed to solve the complicated problem. （宾语）
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. （形式宾语）
His wish is to become an astronaut. （表语）
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write. （定语）
She raised her voice to be heard well. （状语）
The teacher encouraged the students to take active part in some outdoor activities.
考点二：动名词用法
主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般式 writing | being written |
完成式 having written | having been written |
★ 必背动词
admit 承认 | appreciate 感激 | avoid 避免 | forbid 禁止 | consider考虑 | delay 耽误 |
deny 否认 | detest 讨厌 | endure 忍受 | enjoy 喜欢 | escape 逃脱 | fancy 想象 |
finish 完成 | imagine 想象 | mind 介意 | miss 想念 | postpone推迟 | practice 训练 |
recall 回忆 | propose 建议 | resume 继续 | ban 禁止 | risk 冒险 | suggest 建议 |
keep 继续 | include 包括 | stand 忍受 | understand 理解 | forgive 宽恕 | recommend推荐 |
advise建议 | involve涉及 | mention提及 | resist 抵制 | permit 默许 | allow 允许 |
★ 必背句型
The children are busy (in) doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这曲子很值得多听几遍。
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.
考点三：分词用法
现在分词主动语态 | include of 用法 现在分词被动语态 |
一般式 writing | being written |
完成式 having written | having been written |
1.The child standing over there is my brother．
2.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.
3.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.
4.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.
5.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.
6.Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.
7.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
8.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.
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使用不定式适当形式填空
1. _______ (catch) the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.
2. I meant __________ (finish) my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.
3. It has been an honor for me____________ (invite) to your country.
4. It happened______________ (rain) when I got there.
5.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. 6. When mother entered the room last night, I pretended ____________ (work) on the computer.
7. She was the first woman ____________ (elect) to such a post.
8.Energy drinks are not allowed ___________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
9.____________ that task in such a short time is really a challenge.（主语/形式主语）
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