翻译术语汉译英
decomposition分义法
specification具体化法
abstraction抽象化法
compensation补偿法
corresponding套译法/对应法
Diction选词法
Deduction演绎法
Transplant移植法
Extension引申/词义扩大法
Substitution替代/假借法
Explanation解释/阐述法
Literal Translation and Free Translation直译与意译
Combination合译/缀合法
Pictographic Translation形象翻译法
Transliteration音译法
1、子曰，“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”(《论语》)
2、虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学，然后知不足；教，然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也，知困，然后能自强也。故曰，教学相长也。
3、文学的工具是语言文字。我们第一须认识语言文字，其次须有运用语言文字的技巧。这事看来似乎很容易，因为一般人日常都在运用语言文字；但是实在极难，因为文学要用平常的语言文字产生不平常的效果。文学家对语言文字的了解，必须比一般人都较精确，然后可以运用自如。他必须懂得字的形声义，字的组织以及音义与组织对于读者所产生的影响。这主要包含语文学、逻辑学、文法、美学和心理学。
4、国际互联网最初是为美国国防部建立的一个试验性网络，现在涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。它提供、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可以用把问候语与电视图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起。更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网的庞大规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心技术问题。
Key sheet
1. The master said, "Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they have to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty and meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they are to be removed in an improper way, a gentleman can never release himself from them. Once a gentleman parts with benevolence, how can he achieve his fame? Never for a moment could he go against benevolence. He should cherish benevolence all the time, even when he is in a great
hurry or wanders about in a desperate plight.”
2. Even when there is good food, you will not know its deliciousness, if you don't taste it; even when there is a good doctrine, you will not know its virtue, if you don't learn it. Therefore, to learn makes us r
ealize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know our difficulties. Having realized our deficiency, we may then come to reflect; having known our difficulties, we may be able to strengthen ourselves to overcome them. So we say, to teach is to learn.
3. The implement of literature is the language. First we have to know the language, and then we must be armed with the craft of using it. The thing looks easy, as all of us use the language every day, but it is really difficult, because literature is something that is expressed by ordinary language to produce an extraordinary effect.
A man of letters must apprehend the language more precisely and thoroughly than the ordinary people, so that he can use it at his will. He must understand the form, the sound, and the meaning of a word, as well as the effects of the arrangements of words in connexion with the sound and meaning to be left by the reader. This will involve such knowledge as philology, logic, grammar, aesthetics, and psychology.
4.Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense Department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services.
The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the Internet have also been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone of the Information Superhighway. But in order to support the growing number of users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information Superhighway.
2-1、子曰，“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。”(《论语》)
2-2、虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学，然后知不足；教，然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也，知困，然后能自强也。故曰，教学相长也。
2-3、文学的工具是语言文字。我们第一须认识语言文字，其次须有运用语言文字的技巧。这事看来似乎很容易，因为一般人日常都在运用语言文字；但是实在极难，因为文学要用平常的语言文字产生不平常的效果。文学家对语言文字的了解，必须比一般人都较精确，然后可以运用自如。他必须懂得字的形声义，字的组织以及音义与组织对于读者所产生的影响。这主要包含语文学、逻辑学、文法、美学和心理学。
2-4、国际互联网最初是为美国国防部建立的一个试验性网络，现在涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。它提供、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可以用把问候语与电视
图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起。更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网的庞大规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心技术问题。
Key sheet
2-1. The master said, "Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they have to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty and meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they are to be removed in an improper way, a gentleman can never release himself from them. Once a gentleman parts with benevolence, how can he achieve his fame? Never for a moment could he go against benevolence. He should cherish benevolence all the time, even when he is in a great hurry or wanders about in a desperate plight.”
2-2.Even when there is good food, you will not know its deliciousness, if you don't taste it; even when t
here is a good doctrine, you will not know its virtue, if you don't learn it. Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know our difficulties. Having realized our deficiency, we may then come to reflect; having known our difficulties, we may be able to strengthen ourselves to overcome them. So we say, to teach is to learn.
2-3.The implement of literature is the language. First we have to know the language, and then we must be armed with the craft of using it. The thing looks easy, as all of us use the language every day, but it is really difficult, because literature is something that is expressed by ordinary language to produce an extraordinary effect.
A man of letters must apprehend the language more precisely and thoroughly than the ordinary people, so that he can use it at his will. He must understand the form, the sound, and the meaning of a word, as well as the effects of the arrangements of words in connexion with the sound and meaning to be left by the reader. This will involve such knowledge as philology, logic, grammar, aesthetics, and psychology.
2-4. Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense Department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It off
ers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the Internet have also been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone of the Information Superhighway. But in order to support the growing number of users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information Superhighway.
英译汉
将下列划线部分的英语翻译成汉语(1)
1.An Important Aspect of College Life
It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting int
ellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievement only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical" and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.
2. Air
Our Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. The atmosphere surrounds the Earth completely and is about 900 kilometers thick. Without the atmosphere, we would not be able to live on the Earth. There would be no air for us to breathe. The Earth would be very, very hot in the day and very, very cold at night.
Air is all around us. It is all around us as we walk and play. From the moment we are born, we are surrounded by air. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. Wherever we are on the Earth, we are surrounded by air. We live in the air.
3. Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a deeper peace; and the bells from the little red church down by the river seemed to be the music of it, as the song of birds is the music of spring. There one saw how beautiful the life of man can be, and how men by the innocent labors of many generations can give to the earth a beauty it has never known in its wildness. And all this peace, one knew, was threatened; and the threat came into one's mind as if it were a soundless message from over the great eastward plain; and with it the beauty seemed unsubstantial and strange, as if it were sinking away into the past, as if it were only a memory of childhood.
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1. 翻译术语英译汉
Embedding嵌入法
Breaking up分割法
Reversing反转（复位）法
Omission省略法
Conversion词类转换
Splitting拆译（离）法
Inserting添加法
Recasting/ Reconstructing重构法
Misinterpretation &Mistranslation误释与误译
Communicative Translation交际翻译
division分译法
annotation加注法
Under-translation & Over-translation“欠额”与“超额”
Semantic Translation语义翻译
Amplification增益法
一、将下列划线部分的英语翻译成汉语(2)
expressed翻译1.An Important Aspect of College Life
It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievement only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical" and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with
men who think.
2. Air
Our Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. The atmosphere surrounds the Earth completely and is about 900 kilometers thick. Without the atmosphere, we would not be able to live on the Earth. There would be no air for us to breathe. The Earth would be very, very hot in the day and very, very cold at night.
Air is all around us. It is all around us as we walk and play. From the moment we are born, we are surrounded by air. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. Wherever we are on the Earth, we are surrounded by air. We live in the air.
3. Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a deeper peace; and the bells from the little red church down by the river seemed to be the music of it, as the song of birds is the music of spring. There one saw how beautiful the life of man can be, and how men by the innocent labors of many generations can give to the earth a beauty it has never known in its wildness. And all this peace, one knew, was threatened; and the threat came into one's mind as if it were a soundless message from

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