英语从句翻译
英语名词性从句的翻译
可采用顺译法与逆译法
1、Subject Clauses
1） Subject Clauses Introduced by Pronouns
Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.
  他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
2) "It“ Functions as a Formal Subject
It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
    他参不参加会议都没多大关系。
2、Object Clauses
I take it for granted that you will come and  talk  the matter over with him.
  我理所当然地认为 ，你会来跟他谈这件事的。
      We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take.
  关于他将走哪条路线 ，我们还没有确切的消息。
3、Predicative Clauses
This is where the shoe pinches.
    这就是问题的症结所在了。
Things are not always as they seem to be.
    事物并不总是如其表象。
4、Appositive Clauses
1） Keeping the Original Order
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
  他表示希望能再来中国访问。
2) Converting into an Attributive Order or an Independent Clause
It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.
    迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。
3） Using Punctuation Marks or Specific Words Punctuation marks : colon, dash ;
    expressions : “这样”，“这种”， “这一”，“即"
But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
    但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实: 我们的前景并不妙。
Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this "waste material” could be turned into plastics.
  不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变为塑料。
4） Changing into Sentences without the Subject
An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.
己下命令将目前在太空实验室里的研究人员送回来。
英语定语从句的翻译方法
1. Combination合并法： 即在句式较短的情况下，将定语从句用“……的”结构译出。
    Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
    污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。
    July and August are the months when the weather is hot.
    在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。
    In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.
    七八月是天气很热的月份。
 
2. Division 分译法：化整为零，分别翻译，独立成句。对于长而复杂的定语结构可用此法。
    They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
  他们正在为实现一个埋想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自已的生命。
    Between these two tiny particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges. 
在质子和电子这两个微粒之间有一个很大的吸引力，而这个吸引力总是存在于正、负电荷之间。
    They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased。
    他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。
3. Mixture混合法: 即打破原文的定语结构，译者根据自己的理解，译出原文的意思。
    There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 
    在那人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。
    There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
    楼下有人要见你。
    There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
    某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。
    The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
    整天躲在云层里的太阳 ，现在又光芒四射地露面 了。
   
4. Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials兼有状语功能的定语从句
    有些定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状语关系，表明时间、目的等关系。在这种情况下，需要灵活处理，在准确理解英语原文的基础上，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。
1、Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause
    We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.  我们知道, 由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。
    You must grasp the concept of "work" which is very important in physics. 
    你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。
   
2、Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result
    There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
    这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢，
      Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.
      铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。
3、Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession
    He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
    他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。expressed翻译
    The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.
    那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。
4、Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition
    Men become desperate for work, any work，which will help them to keep  alive their families. 
    人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。
    A body that contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element.
    物质如果包含的原子性质都相同，则称之为元素。
5、Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Purpose

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