Passage 1
实施本土化对跨国公司来讲是一项十分重要、并且是一箭双雕的战略决策。它不但能有效降低向东道国派遣高级管理人员的成本，与此同时，还能充分利用东道国相对低廉的人力资源。从长远来看，把当地优秀的经理人员提拔到决策者的位子上来是十分明智的选择，因为他们比较熟悉本国的法律法规，了解本国的市场行情，决无文化方面的障碍，并能有效地与当地各部门进行沟通。简而言之，他们更熟悉本国政府制定的游戏规则。但要吸引并留住这些优秀人才，跨国公司必须做一件实实在在的事情：即给他们提供自身发展和事业进步的机遇。
Implementing localization is a very important strategic decision to multinationals which can kill two birds with one stone. It can not only reduce the cost of dispatching senior managers to host country, but also take advantage of relative cheap labor power in the host country. In the long term, it’s a wise choice to promote local excellent managers to decision-makers, because they are more familiar with local laws and regulations and market situation, and they have no obstacles in terms of culture so they can efficiently communicate with local departments. In one word, they are more familiar with rules established by local government. However, in order to attract and keep excellent personnel, multinational
s must do something substantial, that is, offer them some opportunities to improve themselves and make progress in their own career.
Passage 2
中国经济体系中，某些产业的发展非常迅速。在当前石油价格高涨的环境下，从通货膨胀的角度上看，这些迅速发展的产业值得引起人们的注意和警惕。中国政府已经意识到了这一点。为了控制某些产业过度的增长，官方采取了渐进的调整手段，来避免因一系列宏观调控可能引起太过突然的变化。为此，政府首先是集中力量，对一些特别的产业进行调控，而不是针对整个经济。举例来说，政府并没有去提高整体的利率，而仅仅是提高了某些产业的利率，从而使得这一批借款人去承担较大的风险。
In the Chinese economic system, some industries are developed at a very high speed. And in the condition of the high price of gasoline, these fast-developed industries are worth people’s attention and alertness, if we think about it from a view of inflation. The government has carried out some step-by-step measures in order to control the excessive increase of some industry, which is to avoid the sudden changes result from the macroeconomic control. Therefore, the government first concentrates on the control of some special industries instead of the whole economy. For example: the government increased the interest rate of some industries, but not the unitary interest rate, so that these borrowers would take on greater risks.
Passage 3
当跨国公司的经理进入一种全新的文化中时，他很可能会经历一种“困惑”，这种困
惑被称之为“文化冲击”，它使得跨国公司的经理有如迷失了方向，而显得不知所措。文化冲击是一种痛苦而令人难忘的经历，它要求跨国公司的经理去应对一系列有别于自身文化的、令人眼花缭乱的新的文化信息和文化环境。它可能表现为温和的忧虑和不适，也可能是十分严重的焦躁不安或手足无措，使得跨国公司的经理无法履行其正常的职责。由于跨国公司的经理不懂当地的语言或者非言语的行为，他自己的行为也就失去了赖以评判的标准。
When a manager in a multinational enters into a totally new culture, he is likely to undergo a kind of “puzzle”, which can be called as “culture shock”. It makes the manager lose his way and seem to be at a loss. Cultural shock is a painful and unforgettable experience, which requires the manager to deal with some new and dazzling cultural information and environment which are
different from those of his own culture. It may be expressed as mild anxiety and discomfort, or it may be serious fuss and perplexity, with which the manager cannot perform his regular duty. For the manag
er of the multinational don’t know local language or non-verbal behavior, his own behavior will lose standards for judgment.
Passage 4
不断地在金融市场上投机操作是否可以使一个人真正获利，实在是令人怀疑。我们会说，一个幸运投机者可以毕生就只下一次大赌注，赚到了钱，然后功成身退，金盆洗手。但这种说法在逻辑上有两个问题：首先，一旦投机者第一次尝到了这么大的甜头，他就会认为他一定也会有第二次，第三次的好运，所以他一定会再次下赌注。而事实上，如此好运接踵而至的可能性实在太小了，最终的惨败则是不可避免的。其次，就是很少真正有人可以在第一次就能幸运地赚到一大笔。而在时来运转、到自己的“幸运”之前，他们就都已经是损失惨重了。但是，大家也都知道，市场上的投机活动却从来也不曾停止过。
It is doubtful whether one can really profit by constantly speculating in the money market. We will say that a lucky speculator can only gamble for only one time in all his life. After he earns money, he will retire. However, it has two problems logically: First, if the speculator makes a great profit for the first time, he will think that he can also have the second chance and the third chance to be that lucky, so he will gamble over and over again. Second, it is rare that one can be lucky enough to get a great profit in the first gambling. And before they become lucky, they have suffered a great loss. However, it is also known to all that the speculation in the money market has never stopped.
Passage 5
西方管理模式和中国管理模式的最大差别就在于“可重复性”。事实上，现代企业管理之所以取得如此辉煌的成就，正是基于每一个岗位或职务的“可重复性”而得以实现的，或者说，正是岗位或职务“可重复性/可替换性”的出现，才使得企业成就成果的出现成为可能，但并不仅仅依赖于任何一个拥有个人才能的人。但是，在中国管理模式中，没有人会将“老板”看作是一个岗位或职务，通常来说，人们看见的是一个有血有肉、充满商业智慧和人格魅力的人，他的企业只属于他自己，因为他卓越的商业才华，是不可重复的，这正是中国商业或企业“富不过三代”的本质原因。
The largest difference between western management pattern and Chinese management pattern is “repeatability”. In fact, such splendid achievements of modern corporation management are realized on the basis of “repeatability” of each post or occupation. In other words, achievements of    a corporation became possible because of the appearance of “repeatability/substitutability”, not only relying on any capable person. However, in Chinese management pattern, nobody takes “boss” as a post or occupation. Generally speaking, people view their boss as a vivid person with business wisdom and personality charm. His corporation belongs to himself for his prominent business talent is unrepeatable. This is the essential reason for the old saying “being wealthy no more than three months” in Chinese business or corporation.
Passage 6
经济全球化的表现之一就是生产经营的跨国化。国家之间的关系已经不再局限于最终产品的交换关系，而是越来越多地转变为由跨国公司所组织的产品及其零部件直至工艺的分工关系。一方面，跨国公司要面对不同国家的政治体制、法律法规和风俗习惯，同时又要推动各种文化的相互了解和不断融合；管理者既要面对来自不同国籍、具有不同文化背景和语言的人才，组织他们共同完成任务，又要进行相互沟通、相互协调。另一方面，对企业人力资源的素质也提出了更高的要求，要求人力资源掌握先进的技能，能够独当一面，有
较强的可容性和可塑性，能够不断学习、不断创新，将知识转化为直接生产力。
One of economic globalization representations is multinationalization of production and operation. Relations between countries are no longer confined to final products exchange, but transferred to division of labor in product, parts and even technics organized by multinationals. On the one hand, multinationals have to face political systems, laws and regulations, customs and habits in different countries, and they need to promote mutual understanding and constant blending among all kinds of cultures. Managers not only need to face personnel from different countries, different cultural backgrou
nd and different language and organize them to achieve tasks together, but also conduct mutual communication and harmony. On the other hand, the demand for quality of corporation human resources is higher. They need to master advanced technology, be capable of take charge of a department alone, and be tolerable and promising, so they will learn more and create more to transfer knowledge to direct productivity.
Passage 7
外包是指企业将价值链的某些环节交给外部企业去完成的一种商业措施，是被国际企业特别是跨国企业普遍采用的战略手段，是全球范围内社会化分工协作的高端形式。外包，按业务范围，可分为“制造外包”（蓝领外包）和“服务外包”（白领外包）。服务外包，主要分为信息技术外包(ITO)和业务流程外包(BPO)。ITO的主要业务范围有：IT系统操作服务、IT系统应用管理服务和IT技术支持管理服务，包括软件外包等。BPO业务范围包括：需求管理、企业内部管理、供应链管理、业务运作管理。相对于传统的ITO而言，BPO是
当今服务外包发展的主要形式并呈渐强趋势。
Outsourcing is a business measure in which a corporation assigns some steps in value chain to other corporations. It is a common strategic method used by international corporations, especially multinatio
nals, and it’s a high-end form of global socialized cooperation based on division of labor. Outsourcing is categorized into “manufacturing outsourcing” (blue-collar outsourcing) and “service outsourcing” (white-collar outsourcing) according to scope of operation. Service outsourcing includes Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Main operations of ITO are IT system manipulation service, IT system applied management service, IT technology support management service including software outsourcing. Main operations of BPO are demand management, interior management of corporation, supply chain management and operation management. Relative to traditional ITO, BPO is the main form of present service outsourcing and is gathering a momentum.
Passage 8
所谓循环经济(circular economy)，即在经济发展中，遵循生态学规律，将清洁生产、资源综合利用、生态设计和可持续消费等融为一体，使经济系统和自然生态系统的物质和谐循环，维护自然生态的平衡。循环经济内涵“3R”原则：减量化(Reduce)，尽量减少资
源的开采量和使用量；再使用(Reuse)，资源开采后尽量地使用、再使用，增加频率，拉长使用时间；再循环(Recycle)，当不能再使用时，设法将它变成再生资源，循环到社会中去。循环经济与线性经济相
区别。线性经济即所谓传统经济模式，是一种直线性的消耗模式。而循环经济则强调循环，资源变为成品被消费后形成的废品应可以再循环。
The so-called circular economy means that, in economic development and in accordance with ecological laws, we combine clean production, integrated use of resources with sustainable consumption to make substances in economic system and natural ecosystem recycle harmoniously and maintain the balance of nature. Circular economy includes 3R principle: Reduce, that is, reduce the amount of exploitation and usage of resources; Reuse, that is, make the most use and
reuse of those resources after exploitation, increase frequency and extend time of usage. Recycle, that is, when those resources cannot be reused, we try to transfer them to renewable resources and cycle them to the society. Circular economy is different from linear economy, for linear economy is the so-called traditional economic mode, that is a linear consumption mode, while circular economy emphasizes cycle, that is, resources are turned into manufactured goods and then these goods can be recycled when they become waste after being consumed.
Passage 9
文化冲击在一些外派经理们身上显得尤为突出，因为他们在相当长的时间里生活和工作在一种全新的文化中。事实上，外派经理失败的一种常见的解释是他们未能适应东道国的文化和社会环境。但是，即使是在异族文化中仅呆上几天的经理也会遭遇到文化冲击，这是一种对“未知数”的恼人的、挥之不去的焦虑。因此，学会接近一种全新的文化，也就是学会如何减轻文化冲击的影响，从而为跨国公司的经理在异国他乡实现其建功立业的宏伟蓝图打下一个良好的基础。
“ Culture shock” is most felt by international managers, because they work and live in an entirely new cultural context. In fact, the most common explanation to the failure of these mangers is the inability to adapt themselves to the culture and social context in the host country. But the managers who spend only a few days in a foreign culture can even experience the “ culture shock”, which is an annoying, persistent anxiety about the unknown. Therefore, learning to approach a new culture means to learn how to minimize the affect of “ culture shock”, so as to establish a sound base for the international managers to carry out their grand plans of making achievements and establishing careers.
Passage 10
所谓循环经济（circular economy），即在经济发展中，遵循生态学规律，将清洁生产、资源综合利用、生态设计和可持续消费等融为一体，使经济系统和自然生态系统的物质和谐循环，维护自然生态的平衡。
循环经济包含三个层次：第一层次是企业内的物质循环-----符合循环经济发展的典型
企业。第二层次是企业之间的物质循环-----符合循环经济发展要求的生态工业（农业）园区。第三层次是包括生产和消费的整个过程的物质循环-----资源节约型、循环友好型城市。
Circular economy means to follow the regular patterns of ecology and integrate the cleaner production ,comprehensive resource-use , ecology strategy and sustainable consumption in economic development to ensure a harmony circular of substances between the systems of economy and natural ecology, maintain the equality of the natural environment.
Circular economy has three levels: the first is to circulate the materials within a firm-----a particular firm that is up to the criteria of the developing circular economy. The second level is to circulate among firms-------the eco-industrial ( agricultural) parks. The third level is the whole process of material circulation including production and consumption------ a resource saving and environmentally well-being city.
Passage 11
外包是指企业将价值链的某些环节交给外部企业去完成的一种商业措施，是被国际企业特别是跨国企业
普遍采用的战略手段，是全球范围内社会化分工协作的高端形式。外包，按业务范围，可分为“制造外包”（蓝领外包）和“服务外包”（白领外包）。服务外包，主要分为信息技术外包(ITO)和业务流程外包(BPO)。ITO的主要业务范围有：IT系统操作服务、IT系统应用管理服务和IT技术支持管理服务，包括软件外包等。BPO业务范围包括：
需求管理、企业内部管理、供应链管理、业务运作管理。相对于传统的ITO而言，BPO是
当今服务外包发展的主要形式并呈渐强趋势。
Outsourcing is a business measure in which a corporation assigns some steps in value chain to other corporations. It is a common strategic method used by international corporations, especially multinationals, and it’s a high-end form of global socialized cooperation based on division of labor. Outsourcing is categorized into “manufacturing outsourcing” (blue-collar outsourcing) and “service outsourcing” (white-collar outsourcing) according to scope of operation. Service outsourcing includes Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Main operations of ITO are IT system manipulation service, IT system applied management service, IT technology support management service including software outsourcing. Main operations of BPO are demand ma
nagement, interior management of corporation, supply chain management and operation management. Relative to traditional ITO, BPO is the main form of present service outsourcing and is gathering a momentum.
Passage 12expressed翻译
不断地在金融市场上投机操作是否可以使一个人真正获利，实在是令人怀疑。我们会说，一个幸运投机者可以毕生就只下一次大赌注，赚到了钱，然后功成身退，金盆洗手。但这种说法在逻辑上有两个问题：首先，一旦投机者第一次尝到了这么大的甜头，他就会认为他一定也会有第二次，第三次的好运，所以他一定会再次下赌注。而事实上，如此好运接踵而至的可能性实在太小了，最终的惨败则是不可避免的。其次，就是很少真正有人可以在第一次就能幸运地赚到一大笔。而在时来运转、到自己的“幸运”之前，他们就都已经是损失惨重了。但是，大家也都知道，市场上的投机活动却从来也不曾停止过。
It is doubtful whether one can really profit by constantly speculating in the money market. We will say that a lucky speculator can only gamble for only one time in all his life. After he earns money, he will retire. However, it has two problems logically: First, if the speculator makes a great profit for the first time, he will think that he can also have the second chance and the third chance to be that lucky, so he will gamble over and over again. Second, it is rare that one can be lucky enough to get a great profit in
the first gambling. And before they become lucky, they have suffered a great loss. However, it is also known to all that the speculation in the money market has never stopped.
Passage 13
2008年爆发全球金融危机时，中国金融业的状况相对较好。多年的渐进式改革，以及政府主导的，以更为商业化的体系为目标的转型，使金融机构在机构、透明度和监管方面都有所改善。但风险在于，在一个瞬息万变的全球行业，改革的速度仍不够快。本周，国际货币基金组织首份针对中国金融体系的报告敲响了警钟。在承认迄今取得的进步的同时，IMF着重指出，北京方面继续严密管制国内银行业，由此导致“脆弱性不断蓄积”，这些脆弱性应该得到政府主管部门的重视。
When the global financial crisis struck in 2008, China’s financial sector was in relatively good shape. Years of gradual reform and the government-led transition towards a more commercially oriented system saw improvements in the structure, transparency and oversight of financial institutions. But the risk is that, in a global sector changing at lightning speed, reform is not moving fast enough. The warning bells were sounded this week by the International Monetary Fund’s inaugural report on the Chinese financial system. While acknowledging the progress made so far, the IMF highlights a “steady build-up in vulnerabilities” that stem from Beijing’s continued iron grip on its banking sector and which should be taken seriously by government authorities.

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