机械专业英语词汇
机械专业英语是机械工程师在学习和工作中必须掌握的一门专业语言，它涉及了机械设计、制造、测试、维修、运行等各个方面的知识和技能。机械专业英语词汇是机械专业英语的基础，掌握了常用的机械专业英语单词和短语，才能更好地理解和表达机械相关的概念和信息。本文旨在为机械专业的学生和工程师提供一个方便实用的机械专业英语词汇参考，帮助他们提高机械专业英语的水平和能力。
一、基本术语
英文中
文例句
mechanical engineering 机
械
工
程
Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and
maintain mechanical systems. 机械工程是应用工程学、物理学、工程数学和材料科学原理来设计、分析、制造和维护机械系统的学科。
machine tool 机
床
A machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually
by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation. 机床是一种用于加工金属或其他刚性材料的机器，通常通过切削、镗削、磨削、剪切或其他形式的变形来进行加工。
machining 机
加
工
Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. 机加工是指通过控制去除原材料的过程，将原材料切割成所需的最终形状和尺寸的各种过程。
machine design 机
械
设
计
Machine design is the process of engineering design. A machine is made up of
mechanisms that work together to satisfy the requirements of what the machine needs to accomplish. 机械设计是工程设计的过程。一台机器由协同工作以满足机器需要完成的要求的机构组成。
mechanism 机
构
A mechanism is a device designed to transform input forces and movement into a desired
set of output forces and movement. 机构是一种用于将输入力和运动转换为期望的输出力和运动的装置。
transmission 传
动
Transmission is the action of transmitting something or the state of being transmitted. In mechanical engineering, transmission is the mechanism that transmits power from an
engine to the wheels or other parts of a machine. 传动是传递某物或处于传递状态的行为。
在机械工程中，传动是将发动机的动力传递给轮子或其他部件的机制。
gear 齿
轮
A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth or cogs, which mesh with another
toothed part to transmit torque. 齿轮是一种具有切削齿或齿轮的旋转部件，它与另一个有齿部件啮合以传递扭矩。
bearing 轴
承
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion,
and reduces friction between moving parts. 轴承是一种机械元件，它将相对运动限制在只有期望的运动，并减少运动部件之间的摩擦。
spring 弹
簧
A spring is an elastic object that stores mechanical energy. Springs are typically made of
spring steel. There are many spring designs. In everyday use, the term often refers to coil springs. 弹簧是一种能够储存机械能的弹性物体。弹簧通常由弹簧钢制成。有许多弹簧设计。在日常使用中，这个术语通常指的是线圈弹簧。
screw 螺
丝
A screw is a type of fastener, in some ways similar to a bolt, typically made of metal, and
characterized by a helical ridge, known as a male thread or just thread. 螺丝是一种紧固件，从某些方面类似于螺栓，通常由金属制成，并以螺旋形的凸缘为特征，称为男性螺纹或简称螺纹。
二、材料与加工
英文中
文
例句
material 材
料
Material is any substance that has a mass and occupies space. Material can be classified into different categories based on their physical and chemical properties, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, etc. 材料是任何具有质量和占据空间的物质。材料可以根据它们的物理和化学性质分为不同的类别，例如金属、陶瓷、聚合物、复合材料等。
metal 金
属
Metal is a material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are usually crystalline solids with a metallic bonding. 金属是一种通常坚硬、有光泽、可锻、可熔和可延展的材料，具有良好的电导率和热导率。金属通常是具有金属键合的晶体固体。
ceramic 陶
瓷
Ceramic is a material that is neither metallic nor organic. It may be crystalline, glassy or both crystalline and glassy. Ceramics are typically hard and chemically non-reactive and can
withstand high temperatures and harsh environments. 陶瓷是一种既不是金属也不是有机的材料。它可能是晶体的、玻璃状的或既是晶体又是玻璃状的。陶瓷通常是坚硬和化学惰性的，可以承受高温和恶劣环境。
polymer 聚
合
物
Polymer is a material that consists of large molecules composed of many repeated subunits.
Polymers can be natural or synthetic, and have diverse properties and applications. Polymers can be classified into thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, etc. 聚合物是一种由许多重复的亚基组成的大分子构成的材料。聚合物可以是天然的或合成的，具有多样的性质和应用。聚合物可以分为热塑性塑料、热固性塑料、弹性体等。
composite 复
合
材
料
Composite is a material that is made from two or more different materials that have different physical or chemical properties. The new material has characteristics that are different from those of the individual components. 复合材料是由两种或两种以上具有不同物理或化学性质的材料制成的。新材料具有与各个组分不同的特征。
三、机械设计与制造
英文中
文
例句
design 设
计
Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or measurable human interaction. Design has different connotations in different fields.
In mechanical engineering, design is the process of defining the geometry, materials, and performance of a machine or a system. 设计是为了构造一个物体、系统或可测量的人类交互而创建的一个计划或约定。设计在不同的领域有不同的含义。在机械工程中，设计是定义机器或系统的几何形状、材料和性能的过程。
manufacture 制
造
Manufacture is the production of goods by using labor and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. Manufacture can also refer to the process of converting raw materials into finished products. 制造是使用劳动力和机器、工具、化学和生物加工或配方生产商品的过程。制造也可以指将原材料转化为成品的过程。
assembly 装
配
Assembly is the process of putting together the parts of a machine or structure.
Assembly can be done manually or by using machines or robots. Assembly can also refer to the collection of parts that are assembled together. 装配是将机器或结构的部件组合在一起的过程。装配可以手工完成，也可以使用机器或机器人完成。装配也可以指组装在一起的部件的集合。
drawing图
纸Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium. Drawing can also refer to a technical drawing, which is a detailed and accurate representation of an object or a system using
英文中
文
例句
standardized symbols and conventions. 图纸是一种视觉艺术形式，其中一个人使用各种
绘图工具在纸张或其他二维媒介上做标记。图纸也可以指技术图纸，它是使用标准化的
符号和约定对一个物体或系统进行详细和准确的表示。
blueprint 蓝
图
Blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing, documenting an architecture or an engineering design, using a contact print process on light-sensitive sheets. Blueprint can also refer to a detailed plan or scheme for achieving something. 蓝图是一种技术图纸的复制品，它使用接触印刷过程在感光纸上记录一个建筑或工程设计。蓝图也可以指实现某事的详细计划或方案。
transform的例句
CAD (Computer-Aided Design)计
算
机
辅
助
设
计
CAD is the use of computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the
designer, improve the quality of design, and create a database for manufacturing. 计算机辅助设计是使用计算机系统来辅助设计的创建、修改、分析或优化。计算机辅助设计软件用于提高设计师的生产效率，改善设计质量，并为制造创建数据库。
CAM (Computer-
Aided Manufacturing)计
算
机
辅
助
制
造
CAM is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces. CAM software can generate tool paths from CAD models, optimize machining parameters, and monitor and control the machining process. 计算机辅助制造是使用计算机软件来控制机床和相关设备，以制造工件。计算机辅助制造软件可以从计算机辅助设计模型生成刀具路径，优化加工参数，并监测和控制加工过程。
CNC (Computer Numerical
Control)计
算
机
数
控
CNC is the automation of machine tools by means of computers executing pre-
programmed sequences of machine control commands. CNC machines can perform complex and precise operations that are difficult or impossible to do manually. 计算机数控是通过计算机执行预先编程的机器控制命令序列来实现机床的自动化。计算机数控机床可以执行复杂和精确的操作，这些操作难以或无法手工完成。
3D printing 三
维
打
印
3D printing is a process of making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital
model, typically by laying down many thin layers of a material in succession. 3D printing can create complex shapes and structures that are not possible with conventional
manufacturing methods. 三维打印是一种从三维数字模型制作物理对象的过程，通常是通过连续地堆叠许多薄层的材料来实现。三维打印可以创建传统制造方法无法实现的复杂形状和结构。
四、机械测试与维修
英文中
文
例句
test 测
试
Test is the act of examining or measuring the performance, quality, or reliability of something, especially before putting it into widespread use or practice. Test can also refer to the
procedure or device used for testing. 测试是检查或测量某物的性能、质量或可靠性的行为，尤其是在将其广泛使用或实践之前。测试也可以指用于测试的程序或设备。
measurement 测
量
Measurement is the assignment of a number to a characteristic of an object or event, which can be compared with other objects or events. Measurement can also refer to the process or result of measuring. 测量是将一个数字分配给一个对象或事件的特征，这个数字可以与其他对象或事件进行比较。测量也可以指测量的过程或结果。
英文中
文
例句
instrument 仪
器
Instrument is a device that measures or manipulates variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pres
sure. Instruments include many varied contrivances which can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers. 仪器是一种测量或操纵诸如流量、温度、液位或压力等变量的设备。仪器包括许多不同的装置，它们可以像阀门和变送器一样简单，也可以像分析仪一样复杂。
sensor 传
感
器
Sensor is a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it. Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive
elevator buttons and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. 传感器是一种检测或测量物理性质并记录、指示或以其他方式响应它的设备。传感器用于日常物品，如触摸敏感的电梯按钮和通过触摸底座而变暗或变亮的灯。
maintenance 维
护
Maintenance is the process of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly. Maintenance can also refer to the work that is done to keep something in good
condition. 维护是通过定期检查或修理来保持某物处于良好状态的过程。维护也可以指为保持某物处于良好状态而做的工作。
repair 修
理
Repair is the act of fixing or mending something that is broken or damaged. Repair can also refer to the result or method of fixing something. 修理是修复或修补某物的东西的行为。修理也可以指修复某物的结果或方法。
五、机械运动与动力
英文中
文例句
motion 运
动
Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to time and its reference point. Motion can be described by parameters such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. Motion can also refer to the act or process of moving or being moved. 运动是物体相对于时间和其参考点的位置变化。运动可以用位移、速度、加速度和力等参数来描述。运动也可以指移动或被移动的行为或过程。
force力Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. Force can also be described as a push or pull on an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Force is measured in newtons. 力是任何未受阻碍时会改变物体运动的相互作用。力也可以描述为物体与另一个物体相互作用时对物体的推或拉。力的单位是牛顿。
torque 扭
矩
Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate. Torque is calculated by multiplying the force and the distance from the point of rotation. Torque is measured in newton-meters. 扭矩是衡量作用在物体上的力使物体旋转的程度的量。扭矩是通过将力和距离旋转点的距离相乘来计算的。扭矩的单位是牛顿米。
power 功
率
Power is the rate of doing work or transferring energy. Power is calculated by dividing the work or energy by the time. Power is measured in watts. 功率是做功或传递能量的速率。功率是通过将功或能量除以时间来计算的。功率的单位是瓦特。
energy 能
量
Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat. Energy can be converted from one form to
another, such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, etc. Energy is measured in joules. 能量是做功或传递热量的能力。能量可以从一种形式转化为另一种形式，例如动能、势能、热能、电能等。能量的单位是焦耳。
英文中
文
例句
engine 发
动
机
Engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical power. Engine can be classified into
different types based on their fuel source, such as internal combustion engine, steam engine,
electric motor, etc. 发动机是一种将能量转化为机械功率的机器。发动机可以根据它们的燃料来源分为不同的类型，例如内燃机、蒸汽机、电动机等。

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