简述信息检索的概念及流程
    ## English Answer:
    ### Information Retrieval: Concept and Process.
    Concept:
    Information retrieval (IR) is a discipline concerned with the study and design of systems that enable users to locate information relevant to their needs from large collections of documents. It encompasses techniques for indexing and searching documents, as well as evaluating the relevance and effectiveness of search results.
    Process:
    The fundamental process of information retrieval typically involves the following stages:
    1. Document Indexing: Documents are analyzed and represented as structured data, known as index terms, which capture their content and features.
    2. Query Formulation: Users express their information need as a query, which is typically a set of keywords or phrases.
    3. Query Processing: The query is analyzed and further refined to identify relevant index terms and search strategies.
    4. Search Execution: Index terms are matched against the document index to retrieve potentially relevant documents.
    5. Relevance Ranking: Retrieved documents are evaluated and ranked based on their relevance to the user's query.
    6. Result Presentation: The ranked documents are presented to the user in a user-friendly interface for browsing and selection.
    ### Chinese Answer:
百度搜索
    信息检索，概念和流程。
    概念：
    信息检索（IR）是一门学科，研究和设计能够让用户从大量文档集合中到与他们需求相关的信息的系统。它包括索引和搜索文档的技术，以及评估搜索结果的相关性和有效性的技术。
    流程：
    信息检索的基本流程通常涉及以下几个阶段：
    1. 文档索引，分析文档并将其表示为结构化数据，称为索引项，它们捕获文档的内容和特点。
    2. 查询公式化，用户通过查询表达他们的信息需求，查询通常是一组关键词或短语。
    3. 查询处理，分析查询并进一步细化以识别相关的索引项和搜索策略。
    4. 搜索执行，将索引项与文档索引进行匹配以检索可能相关的文档。
    5. 相关性排名，根据检索到的文档与用户查询的相关性对它们进行评估和排名。
    6. 结果展示，将排好名的文档以用户友好的界面呈现给用户，以便浏览和选择。

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