Part  I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)
I Background
449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons)
II Literature
The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian
Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets:
Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible.
Cynewulf （基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects
III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗)
Status: England’s national epic
Written at the beginning of the tenth century
Composed much earlier
Length:3182
The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter.
Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement
Subject matter
                Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)
I  historical  background: The Norman Conquest
II. The Literature
The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.
III. Romance
1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England.
2. Definition and features(理解)
IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King  Arthur’s Round Table.
It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian romances.
Part III  Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400)
I Major works
The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》 is a translation from a French poem.
His masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales
II Contributions
1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissance
2. Chaucer –a master of realism
3  Chaucer—“father of English poetry”
①In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonic-syllabic verse.
② He introduced from France the rhymed couplet (two successive lines of verse equal in length and with thyme) of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic couplet
III the Canterbury tales
1. status
The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature
2. It contains
(1) a general prologue (over 800 lines)
(2) 24 tales
(3) separate prologues and “the links that  accompany some of the tales”
Part IV  The Renaissance
I.The Renaissance
Features
① A thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.
② The keen interest in the activities of humanity.
Essence: humanism
II. The 16th century England
III. The Renaissance Literature in England
Figures
1/ Thomas More (1478-1535, 托马斯·莫尔)— the Forerunner of utopian socialism
Utopia《乌托邦》 (1516)
2/ France Bacon (1561-1626,弗朗西斯·培根）--the scientist, philosopher and essayist
3/ Thomas Wyatt (1503?-1542, 托玛斯·维亚特）--a poet, the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature
4/. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599,埃德蒙·斯宾塞)，a great poet
The Faerie Queene 《仙后》（1590）
5/  Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)—the greatest  pioneer of English drama
Contributions:
He reformed the genre of drama in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.
He made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama
6/ Prose writers
John Lily(1553-1606，约翰·黎利)  Eupheus （尤弗伊斯）gives the term of  euphuism
Thomas Loge (1558-1625，托马斯·洛奇)
Thomas Deloney (1543-1600,托马斯·德罗尼）
Thomas Nashe（1567-1601，托马斯·纳西）
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
I. status: the greatest of all English authors; one of those rare geniuses of mankind; landmark in the history of world culture; one of the first founders of realism; a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations
the greatest dramatist in human history and the supreme poet of the English language—he wrote poems and plays
II workssteele
①Poems
sonnets: 154         
2 narrative poems
Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》
The Rape of Lucrece 《鲁克莉斯受辱记》
2 plays(38)

tragedies 
Romeo and Juliet
4 great tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth )
comedies
Mid- Summer’ Night’s Dream
histories
III.Selected reading
1Hamlet
2Sonnet 18
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
I  title： Philosopher, scientist (the inventor of scientific method); Statesman Jurist(法学家）; essayist
II. works
Bacon’s works  may be divided into three classes:
a.  the philosophical works: 
      Advancement of Learning (1605, in English)
      Novum Organum (1620, in Latin)
      De Augmentis (1623, in latin)
b.  the literary works: 
      Essays( 1597,1612, 1625)
c.  the professional works: 

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