English Basic Tenses
Taching aim:
  Review the basic tenses in English and master their usage.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1. Lead-in
他昨天来了. He ______ yesterday.
他已经来了. He__________ already.
他明天来. He __________ tomorrow.
    汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.
Step 2. Brainstorm
一般现在时____________________      一般过去时____________________
现在进行时____________________      过去进行时____________________
现在完成时____________________      过去完成时____________________
一般将来时____________________      过去将来时____________________
Step 3. Picture talking
P1. How is your daily life as a high school student?
(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化)
    I ______ hard every day and I ____ along well with my classmates, but sometimes I _____ my families.
Conclusion:
一般现在时:( The Simple Present Tense)
1.结构:主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词要变化,其余人称用原形,即do / does.
2. 用法:
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如:often/ usually, every…,
sometimes, at…, on Sunday等。
2) 表示科学事实或客观真理。 eg.  The earth moves around the sun.
3) 表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start,
begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用．eg. The meeting starts at 2:
P2. How did you spend your childhood?
(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化)
    I _______ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always ________(play)
football and basketball together and we _______ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _______ (be) happy at that time.
Conclusion:
一般过去时： ( The Simple Past Tense )
1. 结构: 谓语动词用动词过去式即：did.
2. 用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如
yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982, just now 等。
eg. I watched a movie with Bob last week.
P3. -What are they doing now?
-They are having an English class.
-What are they doing now?
-They are playing basketball.
-What are the children doing now?
-They are listening to the music.
Conclusion:
现在进行时： (The Present Continuous Tense)
1.结构: be (am, are, is) + doing
2.用法：1) 表示现在( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。　eg. We are having English class now.
      2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。
          eg. She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
      3)  现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于表示移动的动词,如: come,
go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
P4. -What were you doing on that day?
-On August 8, 2008, the 29th  Olympic Games was opening in Beijing.
Conclusion:
过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)
1. 结构：was/ were + doing
2. 用法: 表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有：at ten, 
yesterday, from nine to ten,  last evening,  when…,  while…
eg. We were having a meeting at ten yesterday.
P5. -How long have you learnt English?
-We have learnt English for many years since we were 8 years old.
-How long has Yang Liping been a dancer?
-She has been a dancer for 41 years.
-Do you know this film?
-Yes. We have seen the film already.
Conclusion:
现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)
1. 结构: have (has) +done
2.用法:
1). 现在完成时表示一个动作开始于过去某一时间，持续到现在, 通常用于延续性动词. 常与表示延续性时间状语连用,如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since…, for… 等等．
2).表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet, ever, never, once等等.
P6. - The couple have just left. If you hurry you will catch them.
- You mean when I arrived they ____ just ____.
Conclusion:
过去完成时：  (The Past Perfect Tense)
结构: had + done　
概念：表示过去的过去
--------|--------------|---------|--------> 
steele  过去之前  过去  现在　将来
When the police arrived, the thieves _________________(run away).
When I came into the classroom, my dear students ______________ (begin) reading.
P7. How will you spend your Spring Festival  holiday?
  I will… / I’m going to…
一般将来时：( The Simple Future Tense )
1. 结构：
①. will / shall do
  表示从现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。eg. Tom will come back next week.
②. be going to do
  “计划，打算，即将做某事”eg. He is going to speak on TV this evening.
③. be +to do 
      按计划或正式安排将发生的事。eg. We are to have an exam this week.
④. be about to do 
表示马上做某事, 不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用.eg. He is about to leave for Beijing.
P8. Dad said to me, “I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.”
  Dad told me (that) he ___________ a computer for me if I could pass the exam.
Conclusion:
过去将来时：(The Simple Past Future Tense)
1. 结构:  Should / would+动词原形
eg. The boy promised he would work hard.
  I told my parents I should return early.
2. 用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句中.
2).其他形式．
    was (were) going to

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