浅谈小学阶段by的用法
一、 by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。
如：by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。
One day ,an old man walked by the house . (6上U1 P14)  【注：有时可表示:“从…旁经过”,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用】
二、 by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词a/an/the somewhere，不变复数，用原型）意为：“通过…，由…，乘…”。
如：by train/ taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane 
Let’s go to Xi’an by plane .
Let’s go to the park by bike.
Let’s go to the supermarket by car .
三、by的常见短语：
by the way/one by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself /learn…by heart/ /by my watch等。
重点谈一谈by+交通工具的用法:
by通常不单独使用，通常 go/come + by + 交通工具
undefinedgo/come to + somewhere + by bus/car/ship = take + a + bus/car/ship + to + somewhere
  Let’ go to the hospital by bus . = Let’s take a bus to the hospital .
undefinedgo/come to + somewhere + by plane = take a + plane + to + somewhere = fly to + somewhere
  Let’s come to BeiJing by plane . = Let’s take a plane to BeiJing . = Let’s fly to BeiJing .
undefinedgo/come to + somewhere + by bike = ride a bike/ bikes to + somewhere
  Let’s come to the zoo by bike . = Let’s ride a bike to the zoo .
undefinedgo/come to + somewhere + on foot = walk to + somewhere
  Let’s go to the cinema on foot . = Let’s walk to the cinema .

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