Lesson 58    A spot of bother 一点小麻烦(记叙文)
Vocabulary
Lift n.电梯elevator
1、vt 举起; 拿起词组lift up
2、抬起(眼睛或头) (宾语eyes or head)
3、vt&vi If something lifts your spirits or your mood, or if they lift, you start feeling more cheerful. 鼓舞
4、n 搭便车(英)give sb a lift
5、电梯(英)elevator(美)
6、升力,提升力(流体力学)
An aeroplane has to reach a certain speed before there is enough lift to get it off the ground有足够的提升力
7、升降机(建筑)crane 吊车,起重机
Escalator [ˈeskəleɪtə(r)] 电动扶梯
raise 及物动词,常用词,多指把某物从低处升到高处,有时作引申用。抚养,饲养
lift 指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
monstrous adj. 极大的,可怕的(个头比较大)monstrous ghost 可怕的妖怪
1、骇人听闻的; 极不公正的(a situation or event)
2、(令人不悦的事物) 巨大的[强调]
3、恐怖的Colossal adj.庞大的(= large in size)[kə’lɒsl](通常指体积或总量极大的。)
-- A ship Titanic was colossal.
-- A colossal monument /    A colossal statue
big 和large 在表达,尺寸、大小和数量上没有区别。
great (伟大)(大的,极大的,伟大的,重要的,超乎寻常)
vast (辽阔、广阔、无垠的) -- vast desert (指空间、面积、范围巨大的。)
immense(adj.极广大的, 无边的,无限的)(指体积、数量或程度等超过一般标准的。)
-- immense = i m measurable 不可测量的(measurable adj.可测量的)
enormous(重点突出数量、程度、体积)---强调程度时比big语气, 且更正式。(指尺寸或数量巨大的。)-- We had an enormous lunch. -- He made a big success. / He made an enormous success.
Giant [‘dʒaɪənt](n.巨人, 大力士adj.庞大的, 巨大的)= gigantic [dʒaɪ’gæntɪk](adj.巨人般的, 巨大的)(只作定语,指比其他同类事物大的。)
tremendous (= big、fast、powerful)[trə’mendəs]
1、巨大的;极大的very great 同义词:huge
2、极好的;精彩的;了不起的extremely good
Titanic(用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大)-- The ship is titanic.
Titan [‘taɪtn] N-C 巨子;巨人;成就非凡的人titan+ic
Huge注意副词是hugely,不去e
-- 强调体积大a huge stone / 数量巨大a huge sum of money (指体积、数量、程度方面极大的,但通常不用于重量。)
Massive [ˈmæsɪv] (尺寸、数量、规模) 非常大的[强调] weapon of massive destruction
negligence[ˈneɡlɪdʒəns]n. 粗心大意(正式)不可数六级渎职,玩忽职守
(formal or law律) 疏忽;失职;失误;过失the failure to give sb/sth enough care or attention
The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the driver. The doctor was sued for medical negligence. 一般用词为:不可数名词carelessness
Neglect [nɪˈɡlekt] 1、[VN] 疏于照顾;未予看管to fail to take care of sb/sth
2、[VN] 忽略;忽视;不予重视to not give enough attention to sth
3、[V to inf] (formal) 疏忽;疏漏to fail or forget to do sth that you ought to do
4、[U] ~ (of sth/sb)疏于照顾;未予看管(注意还有名词词性)
neglected [nɪˈɡlektɪd]    a 被忽视的;无人照管的
prudent[ˈpruːdnt]adj. 谨慎的discreet/cautious/careful 六八级
Someone who is prudent is sensible and careful. 谨慎的(不同语境中:明智的,精明的)
例句:we must be careful otherwise we would get into the trouble because of negeligence.
cautious 着重考虑事情的后果,谨慎留意,防止出差错。留神,注意
prudent 指遇事审慎,思考计划周密,不贸然行事。总体形容一个人的特点
careful 侧重做事谨慎、留心,特别注意一些细节地方。小心,细心
discreetly adv.谨慎地言行等具体方面
discreet adj.谨值的,考虑周到的((言行)谨慎的,慎重的,考虑周到的)=careful in speech and action be discreet in ----He's discreet in giving his opinion. ----He's discreet in airing his views.言行举止很谨慎
composure [kəmˈpəʊʒə(r)] n. 镇静,沉着同义词:calmness 八级
Composure is the appearance or feeling of calm and the ability to control your feelings. 冷静;镇定;沉着
人的表现或者感觉,所以一般是sb’s
Composed [kəmˈpəʊzd] 镇定的; 泰然自若的[一般做表语] (v. 组成;作曲(compose过去分词);著作)
intruder[ɪnˈtruːdə(r)] n.入侵者(尤指欲行窃者)burglar夜盗
intrude [ɪnˈtruːd] 1、~ (into/on/upon sb/sth)闯入;侵入;打扰to go or be somewhere where you are not wanted or are not supposed to be (某地)
2、~ (on/into/upon sth)扰乱;侵扰;干扰to disturb sth or have an unpleasant effect on it (某事物)Intrusion [ɪnˈtruːʒn] n. 1、侵入;闯入2、侵扰;打扰;干扰
侵入,闯入
break in,break into都可以表示“强行进入”,但break in 通常是不及物的,break into通常是及物的burst into 闯入,更多是表达:突然(哭、笑、唱) 起来;突然进入(某种状态)
invade 首先是本意是军事上的:侵略;侵袭;侵扰,引申出“其他的入侵,对抗性或消极的eg:病毒”invasion n. 入侵,侵略;侵袭;侵犯;[医] 侵入
lurk [lɜːk] v.潜藏lurk in the darkness (尤指为做不正当的事而)埋伏,潜伏;潜在;隐藏着;“潜水”,隐身(在聊天室等阅读在线讨论但自己不参与其中) 是vi
1、(人/动物等)潜藏wait there secretly so that they cannot be seen, usually because they intend to do sth bad.
2、(抽象事物)潜伏(亦即潜在)it exists but is not obvious or easily recognized
lurker 潜伏者
hinder[ˈhɪndə(r)] v. 妨碍
1、[VN] ~ sb/sth (from sth/from doing sth)阻碍;妨碍;阻挡to make it difficult for sb to do sth or sth to happen
2、牵制,束缚(动作)If sth hinders your movement, it makes it difficult for you to move forward or move around hinder sb from doing sth./prevent sb. from doing sth. Keep/stop阻止某人做某事其中keep的from不能省“阻止”词语辨析
hinder 语气较轻,多指阻碍、拖延人或事,强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
block 语气强烈,指有效堵住了通道,使人或物无法通过。
Vt 堵塞; 封锁(某物/地);挡住(eg:视野view);阻挡(道路one’s way);阻止(某事)直接接对象prevent 含义广泛,指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。
somewhere
bar 含义与block很接近,指阻塞通道或禁止出入,但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。
1、bar做禁止时,常用被动语态,someone is barred from a place or from doing;
2、挡(路) bar one’s way.
fingerprint n.指纹
take someone's fingerprints, 让某人按手指,采取某人的指纹
fingerprint identification 指纹鉴定Fingerprint lock 指纹锁
face recognition ; face identification ; facial recognition 面部识别,人脸识别劳荣芝
chaos[ˈkeɪɒs] n.混乱,无秩序Chaos is a state of complete disorder and confusion
in the state of chaos 杂乱无序的状态order/disorder confusion
chaos 着重指令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态。
disturbance 主要指社会中政治性的动乱、骚乱;也可指个人或少数人的闹事。
mess 语气强,口语中较常用的非正式用词。指既混乱又肮脏,尤指人思想混乱或外表不整洁。confusion 指东西搅混在一起,凌乱得难以辨认;也可指思想混乱,以致无法进行正常的思维活动。
in chaos 混乱;纷乱
chaos and confusion 混乱与浑沌
inconceivable[ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl] adj. 不可思议的八级
难以想象的;无法相信的impossible to imagine or believe,难以置信,匪夷所思;非凡的(积极)
同义词:remarkable , extraordinary , magic , mysterious , incredible
反义词:conceivable [kənˈsiːvəbl] 可想像的; 可相信的
Conceive:
1、V-T/V-I ~ (of) sth (as sth)(formal) 想出(主意、计划等);想象;构想;设想to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine sth
2、V-T/V-I 怀孕;怀(胎)when a woman conceives or conceives a child , she becomes pregnant
conceive (of) 构想,设想,想象I can’t conceive of it
conceive of …as 把..看作为/I conceive of the life there as beautiful picture.
regard as /describe as /imagine as/refer to…as/think of… as
fancy 与imagine略不同,往往指的是不切实际的,属于梦幻般的想象。
imagine 比conceive更强调形象思维,指在头脑中形成一个清晰明确的意象。
conceive 指在头脑中组织好自己的思想,在心中形成一个系统的思想或一个见解。
veritable[ˈverɪtəbl] adj. 真正地,地地道道的(名副其实的[强调])八级
[only before noun] (formal or humorous) 十足的;名副其实的;不折不扣的
a word used to emphasize that sb/sth can be compared to sb/sth else that is more exciting, more impressive, etc.
a veritable feast of pre-game entertainment. 一场名副其实的赛前娱乐盛宴。
magpie[ˈmæɡpaɪ] n.喜欢收藏物品的人(另:鹊;喜鹊)八级
爱收集(无价值物品)的人;爱收藏(破烂)的人,而collector没有这层语意
a person who like to collect things as a main or serious hobby
toss[tɒs] v. 抛
1、扔throw(轻轻或漫不经心地)扔,抛,掷to throw sth lightly or carelessly
2、头your head[VN] 甩(头,以表示恼怒或不耐烦)
3、抛(硬币) toss a coin /Let us toss a coin to decide.
4、左右;上下side to side/up and down(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸这个杀手不太冷,toss the apartment
烹调in cooking[VN] 摇匀;翻动(以沾油、奶酪等)stir vt&n 搅拌a liquid or other substance [VN] ~ a pancake(BrE) 把(煎饼)颠起翻面
throw 普通用词,使用广泛,仅指用力抛掷,不涉及动作方式或感情彩。
cast 常可与throw互换,指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
toss 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔,所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
Discard [dɪˈskɑːd]v.丢弃abandon/desert/forsake
V-T If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it. 丢弃
give up as useless因为没有用而放弃.desert放弃自己责任desert/forsake放弃家人
discard useless thing
discard A for b 把A舍去换B
Desert v.(军队中)开小差[(for v.) dɪ'zɜːt; (for n.) 'dezət] (脱岗,离岗)desertion名词
V-T&V-I 开小差(不及物时用介词from, desert from)-- The soldier deserted his army.
Desert vt.vi.遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃(= abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃;违背法律、道义、责任、信仰
-- desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family
Abandon vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃(被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的东西)especially when you should not do so -- abandon one's home 离弃家园
-- He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.(research n.研究, 调查)
Forsake [fə'seɪk] vt.( 过去式forsook[fɔː'sʊk]过去分词forsaken ) 舍弃, 放弃, 背弃[文学性]
对象一般是亲人或关系亲密的人,或者是摒弃某种行为[文学性];eg革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)
-- He forsook his family. -- He has forsaken his wife and children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
-- You must forsake your bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。
constable[ˈkʌnstəbl]n. 警察
1、(英国等国家中最低级别的)警察;警员
2、(美国城镇中参与维持秩序、级别低于县治安官的)巡官
关于警察:正式名称police 集合名词,policeman指个人,police officer警官
条子,警察cop(copper铜扣子),最开始是戏称,现在中性
patrol(巡警)undercover agent 卧底adj. 秘密的,秘密从事的;从事间谍活动的
sheriff(县治安官)美国的郡县治安官,有时也译作“警长”,仅是县一级的雇员,选举产生
marshal(司法部法警)一种是隶属于美国司法部。他们的职责包括保护联邦法官,证人保护计划,追捕跨州罪犯,押送囚犯等。另一种是Marshal 是小镇的警察,一般由小镇全民选举产生。
agent(探员)一般用于司法部警察,尤其是联邦调查局
普通警察只能执法,调查或者办案需要高级警察。英语中至少detective(刑警)。中国criminal police
纽约警察局(NYPD):
Officer =警员Detective =警探Sergeant =警司Lieutenant =警督(中尉)Captain =警监(上尉)Deputy Inspector = 副高级警监Inspector = 高级警监Deputy Chief = 副总警监
Assistant Chief = 助理总警监Bureau Chief = 处总警监Chief of Department = 局总警监
英国警察
警员Constable、高级警员Senior Constable、警长Sergeant、警署警长Station Sergeant、督察Inspector of Police、高级督察Senior Inspector of Police、总督察Chief Inspector of Police、警司Superintendent of Police、高级警司Senior Superintendent of Police
Five-O
源自美国关于夏威夷警察局的电视连续剧"檀岛警骑"(其英文名为"Hawaii 5-0", 因为夏威夷是美国的第五十个州, 故名之).从September 26, 1968演到April 26, 1980, 很有名气, 以至于俚语逐渐都用"Five-O"来代替警察了.
Deputy [ˈdepjuti]n. 代理人,代表adj. 副的;代理的
deputy director 副局长,副厅长;副院长deputy secretary 副秘书
deputy director general 副局长;副处长;副司长deputy mayor 副市长
deputy chief 副局长;副科长;副处长;副警长;副总警监
balcony n.阳台另:(戏院或电影院里的) 楼座
ransack [ˈrænsæk]v. 洗劫The robbers ransack the bank.
[VN] ~ sth (for sth)1、洗劫;2、(为东西)把…翻腾得乱七八糟,搜遍to make a place untidy, causing damage, because you are looking for sth 对象是某个地点
同义词:turn upside down
scour ['skaʊə] vt.彻底搜查scour : go through
1、vt ~ sth (for sb/sth) (彻底地)搜寻,搜查,翻(go through, turn inside out, search thoroughly)
2、vt ~ sth (out)(用粗糙的物体、用力)擦净,擦亮,
3、vt ~ sth (away/out) | ~ sth (from/out of sth) (费力地) 擦洗;洗涤;冲洗;(水、溪流)冲刷成;冲刷出The house has been searched/scoured for the hidden bullions. 整个房子都被彻底过了。
search 指寻丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西比look for 更正式
hunt 指漫无边际的寻急需的东西We spent a week hunting for the puma.
scour 表示彻底的搜查一个特定的范围并暗示花费巨大的力气They scour the woods for the child.
三个词的共同特点:search/scour/hunt/ransack都可以+ for 表示目的
Sack 1、解雇、开除非正式的fire 2、(尤指旧时军队等)抢劫,洗劫,破坏(城镇或城市)
3、麻布(或厚纸、塑料等)大袋;(厚纸的)购物袋;一满袋;一大袋东西
屠杀:mass a cre [ˈmæsəkə(r)] n. 大屠杀;惨败;彻底破坏v. 屠杀;彻底击败;彻底破坏;
Slaughter [ˈslɔːtə(r)] n. 屠宰;大屠杀;v. 屠宰(动物);(尤指大量)屠杀(人、动物);massacre 语气比slaughter强。指大屠杀,尤指屠杀失去了自卫能力的人。
execute 指依法处死罪犯。
murder 指谋杀或凶杀。
slaughter 本义指大批宰杀动物,也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人。
assassinate 通常指因政治原因用非法手段杀害政治领袖人物或短名人士。
fussy[ˈfʌsi]adj. 大惊小怪的小题大做的I know that boy ,he is fussy .(口语中) 专四
1、无谓忧虑(或担心)的;大惊小怪的;too concerned or worried about details or standards, especially unimportant ones
2、爱挑剔的,难取悦的【不规则形式】fussier, fussiest
Fuss [fʌs] 名词:无谓的忙乎动词:瞎紧张; 瞎操心; 瞎忙乎四级
fuss about 大惊小怪;忙乱
make a fuss 大惊小怪,小题大做;吵吵闹闹
make a fuss about 小题大作
课文讲解
The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived.
老妇人回到了她居住的公寓楼,心里很高兴。
不定式的用法:主语,宾语,定语,表语,状语,补语,同位语
Block 1、固体solid material [C](方形平面)大块;立方体;量词a block of一大块;积木
2、建筑building [C] (BrE) (公寓、办公、教学、医院等)大楼;(成组建筑中的)一栋楼房
3、街道streets [C] 四面临街的一方块楼;街区[C] (NAmE) (两条街道之间的)一段街区
Vt:1、堵塞; 封锁To block a road, channel, or pipe means to put an object across it or in it
2、挡住(your view),阻挡(one’s way)
3、阻止(sth)
Flat一般是英国英语公寓&学生宿舍,美国公寓叫做apartment,美国宿舍叫dormitory
Her shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home.

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