抗生素的级别及分代
抗生素，顾名思义是抵抗致病微生物的药物。是由细菌、真菌或其他微生物在生活过程中所产生的具有抗病原体或其他活性的一类物质。用于治病的抗生素除由此直接提取外，还可用人工合成及部分人工合成(称半合成抗生素)的方法制造而得，形成了庞大的抗生素家族，也是临床上广泛应用的抗感染药物。抗生素以前被称为抗菌素，随着科技的发展及广泛地应用，其面不断拓宽，不仅对细菌、真菌等“菌”类致病微生物具有抑制和杀灭作用，而且螺旋体、支原体、依原体等其他致病微生物及恶性肿瘤也有良好的抑制和杀灭作用，故将抗菌素改称为抗生素。目前，临床上应用的抗生素品种繁多，按其化学结构可分为十大类。 胺类 这类药物品种最多，用量最大，病种最广，是疗效最好的抗感染药，也是抗生素中的主力军。这类药物主要包括两部分: ?青霉素类，这是最早的β-内酰胺类，其疗效确切、价格低廉，常用的品种有青霉素钠盐或钾盐、氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素钠)、氧哌嗪青霉素(哌拉西林钠)、羟氨苄青霉素(阿莫西林)等。 ?头孢菌素类，这类药物疗效高，毒性低，过敏反应较青霉素类少，广泛用于各类感染性疾病，常用的品种有头孢氨苄(先锋?号)、头孢唑啉钠(先锋?号)、头孢拉定(先锋?号)、头孢曲松钠(菌必治)等。 氨基苷(甙)类 常用的品种:链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、小诺米星(小诺霉素)、阿司米星(阿司霉素)等 四环素类 常用的品种:四环素、土霉素、多西环素(强
力霉素)等。 氯霉素类
常用的品种:氯霉素、甲砜霉素、等。 大环内酯类 常用的品种:红霉素、罗红霉素、琥乙红霉素、麦迪霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、吉他霉素(柱晶白霉素)等。 林可霉素类 常用的品种:林可霉素(洁霉素)、克林霉素(氯洁霉素)等。 详细分类:
抗菌药物分类
一、ß-内酰胺类抗生素(ß-lactam antibiotics) (一)青霉素类(Penicillins)
1 青霉素类: 青霉素G(Penicillin G) 2 苯氧青霉素(口服不耐酶青霉素): 青霉素V(Penicillin V)，非奈西林(Phenethicillin)，丙匹西林(Propicillin)，芬贝西林(Phenbencillin)
3 耐青霉素酶青霉素: 甲氧西林(Methicillin)，萘夫西林(Nafcillin)，苯唑西林(Oxacillin)，氯唑西林(Cloxacillin)，双氯西林
(Dicloxacillin)，氟氯西林(Flucloxacillin) 4 广谱青霉素:氨基青霉素 氨苄西林(Ampicillin)，匹氨西林(Pivampicillin)，酞氨西林(Talampicillin)，巴氨西林(Bacampicillin)，海他西林(Hetacillin)，依匹西林(Epicillin)，美坦西林
(Metampicillin)，阿莫西林(Amocillin)，环己西林(Cyclacillin) 抗假单胞菌青霉素: 羧苄西林(Carbenicillin)，替卡西林(Ticacillin)，阿tomorrow I go fishing to the East. Bosses don't have fish to eat. "Positions out of a fat man:" going on now in the past, the Imperial Army came after eating is bad. "Old Kings Head Rush thanked the captain rushed to the base for Hong Kong, Shen Yuezhen said:" I think so well! " Aboard the ship, told through again. Months Pro happy meals freshly prepared, Scull chunks post immediately. Card that Fu sheng of the Elves take care of: "old Kings Head tomorrow, your fish such as we Captain!" "Know" this is the King's voice, by far. At night, the ship to port, next to see a few xieye of small fishing vessels, stop eating. Alex after eating two adjacent boats stopping by. Learned from the mouths of local fishermen here have is guerrilla zones, East Taihu Lake infested with bandits, Miaogang landmark, quiet at night, sometimes in the morning zhenze Japan Devils sweep, afternoon zhenze, West of guerrilla activities. Back on the boat, monthly Pro action decided by the first programme, go to Miaogang, find focal point connector. Gently open the ship, sailed into the trackless Yang. Months Pro has lost its way, don't know direction, and had to let the old King was driving. Old King pulling two oars
scullsaid: "good day to see the stars, cloudy day by feel. You take a break, go to class in a 构词成分。. "No, the cabin there was" grunting ... Shout ... "snore. The next morning, Miaogang the Lion Bridge a mourning fisherman's woman. Head wrapped in white cloth, foot-wear white shoes, selling fish in a fish line. Her a red flower on the toe in his left foot, a white flower on the toe of his right foot, which is a joint sign. Women were observed on the street that a tobacco stores, posted a lot of smoke on the door, there is no old knife brand. Shopkeepers facing West, there are another two strangers looking around. Months Pro knows this focal point has been exposed, she quickly sold the fish back to the Lake, get on Board of the old King said:is Shen Yuezhen, xiaozhengxin them. A few days ago, Shen Yuezhen listen to Jones Lang LaSalle said his family had firearms, ammunition, Ding Bingcheng newly established Jiangsu Taihu Lake is in need of volunteers for the war guns and ammunition, will mobilize he offered his gun out. This small secondary progressive, PWC. Today, he leads Shen Yuezhen in backyard behind a rock. Several people quickly dug seven or eight rifles, four small pistol and some bullets, sack up, carried off the secondary courtyard. To xibaiyang, a small fishing boat approaching, Shen Yuezhen on thei
r fishing vessel disappeared into the mist. Shen Yuezhen is a peripheral organization of the central section of the East China people's armed forces of the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association of a Communist and KMT: Wu Jiang County Government's traffic warden. She returned to her own house Dai Jia Wan, think of importation of firearms program, is afraid of diwei check months Pro frown. The next day, she came to the fishermen's uncle Wang's boat, said importation of firearms, Wang not only down, but also a good idea, brows that make the month pro stretch ... Bei Ma Yang, ship and base for Hong Kong, the Sun has been the West, the monthly Pro will kill fish, wash, place a oil sauce, cooking rice, steamed fish in the rice cooker on. Wang mentioned fish basket selling on minglilai, after the Elves when the sentry, Wang carried out from the basket of three good Mandarin fish, said with a smile: "Mister lucky, MA Yang, this is net live fish, Fu sheng's brother to try it. "The elves called Fu sheng came holding a fish said:" old Kings Head, today luck was not bad! " "Thanks to the blessing of day, only a little fish. Brothers, let me of the Ming dynasty to the North of the road Yang swings to get some fish? " "No, Ah, Eastern foreigner to prohibit! and I am not the first, not to master. "" That is a shame

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。