主谓一致
    指导原则：
语法一致
用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
Both boys have their own merits.
Every girls comes on time.
意义一致
主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词便用单数。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.
就近原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语〔主要指名词〕单、复数形式。
Either my brother or my father is coming.
Only one except his own supporters agree with him.
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
疾病名称和游戏名称〔-s〕
●如arthritis〔关节炎〕，bronchitis〔支气管炎〕，rickets〔软骨病〕，mumps〔腮腺炎〕，diabetes〔糖尿病〕等——通常单数.
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
●也有一些既可作单数也可做复数
e.g. Generally, measles(麻疹) occurs in children.
●表示游戏名称的名词——通常单数
Darts is essentially a free and easy game.
Marbles is one of the oldest of games and was not confined to children.
●也有个别游戏名称作复数
Cards are not allowed here.
●当darts，marbles等用于做这些游戏所用的镖或子弹等意义时，其复数形式仍作复数用。
Three darts are thrown at each turn.
Marbles vary in kind and quality.
学科名称〔-ics〕(如physics，mathematics，mechanics，optics，acoustics，politics，statistics，economics，linguistics，athletics，tactics等
●通常作单数用
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
●但假设这类名词表示除“学科〞以外的其他意义，便可作复数用
My mathematics is/are rather sharky.
地理名称〔-s〕
●国名〔the United States, the United Nations等〕——单数
The United States is a country of people with varied origins.
●岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等-复数
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
其他
●一些由两个局部组成的物体名词通常是以-s结尾〔scissors，pincers，glasses，shorts，trousers，suspenders等〕，这类词如果不带“一把〞、“一副〞、“一条〞等单位而单独使用，通常作复数。
The sugar-tongs are not in the sugar bowl.
Joe’s new trousers are black and white.
●如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定
One pair of scissors isn’t enough.
Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small, are missing from my tool box.
●archives〔档案〕, arms〔武器〕, clothes〔衣服〕, contents〔内容，目录〕, eaves〔屋檐〕, fireworks〔烟火〕, goods〔货物〕, minutes〔记录〕, morals〔道德，品行〕, remains〔遗体〕, stairs〔楼梯〕, suburbs〔郊区〕, thanks〔谢意〕, wages〔工资〕等，通常作复数。
●但也有少数这类词作单、复数均可
His whereabouts were/was known only to his personal staff.
●但凡由-ings结尾的名词，如clippings〔剪下来的东西〕，diggings〔掘出来的东西〕，earnings〔收入〕，filings〔銼屑〕，lodgings〔租住的房间〕, surroundings〔环境〕，sweepings〔扫拢的垃圾〕等，通常作复数
●tidings〔消息〕既可作复数也可做单数
Good tidings have cheered them up.
The tidings has come a little too late.
●还有一些以-s结尾的单复数同形的名词，如barracks(营房)，headquarters〔总部〕，means〔方法、手段〕，series〔系列〕，species〔种类〕，works〔工厂〕等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名词时用作单数，还是用作复数。
A barracks was stormed by the enemy troops.
Two barracks in the suburbs have been surrounded.
●但有少数这类词的名词用作单数何用作复数意义不同
What’s the odds
The odds are against us.
●如remains用作“遗体〞意义时——复数
His remains lie in the churchyard.
●但作遗迹或剩余物解释时，可作单数或复数用
Here is the remains of a temple.
The remains of the meals were/was fed to the dog.
以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题(语法和意义一致)
．通常作复数的(police, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等)，动词用复数。
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
．通常作不可数名词的〔foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise(商品)等〕，动词用单数。
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
．既可作单数也可作复数的〔audience, committee, class, crew(全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public等〕。
●表示的集体视为一个整体——单数
The city council is meeting set its agenda.
●如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上——复数
The herd of cows and calves are moving toward the sheds by twos and threes.
．a committee of 等+复数名词〔a panel of/ a (the) board of〕，动词通常用单数。
The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.

odds
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
．由and/both…and连接的并列主语
●意义为复——复数
The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year.
●作主语的并列结构意义为单——单数
Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.
●一些带连词and的省略结构形式单数，而意义为复数——复数
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.
●当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every，或者many a等限定词时——单数
Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.
●意义不明确时，依据上下文决定
You fairness and impartiality has/have been much  appreciated.
．由or/nor/either…or连接的并列主语(not only…but also),就近原则。
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
．主语+as much as等〔rather than, more than, no less than等〕，依主语本身的单复数决定。
His rather than his parents is to blame.
．主语+as well as等〔in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等〕也取决于主语本身形式。
The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.
以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
.以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
．看做整体—单数，个体—复数

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。