精品课程：补充与对比英语精读
2补充与对比
A 而且（in addition）等（X加Y）
如果你想在一句话中增加第二则信息，以补充第一则信息，你常会用and, 例如：The food is excellent and very good value.
如果你将信息放在两个句子中，下面这些连接词和词组就较常用了。
The food is usually very good. Furthermore, it is one of the cheapest restaurants in town.
The set menu is ￡10, which is excellent value. In addition, you get a free glass of wine.
The restaurant has a reputation for excellent food. It’s also very good value. The food is excellent in that restaurant. It’s very good value as well （or too）. You get very good food in that place. What’s more, it’s excellent value.
提示：前两个例句较正式，常用于书面语，后面两个常用于口语中。
B 尽管(although), 除了（in spit of ）等（X除了Y）
如果你想在一个单句中比较两条信息，表示第二个事实在第一个事实之后很令人吃惊，你可以使用以下这些连接词：
She still won the game although / though /even though she had a bad knee. They still went for a walk in spite of the fact that it was pouring with rain.
The service is worse despite the fact that they have more staff.
提示：
在这些例句中你也可以用连接词开头：
Although she had a bad knee, she still won the game.
在这些句子中用still来强调惊讶是很常见的。
在最后的连个例句中你可以使用名词或-ing形式：
They went for a walk in spite of the rain.
The service is worse despite having more staff.
在although后面只能接名词、代词+动词（也就是although she had a bad knee / her knee was bad）。
C 然而（whereas）
pouring
这个词用来连接关于人、地点或事物与另一种人、地点或事物不同的事实和观点（你也可以用whilst 这个词）。也就是说，第二个事实是第一个的对比，但并非令人吃惊（像上述B中所示）
John is very careful whereas Christopher makes lots of mistakes.
The South is hot and dry whereas the north gets quite a lot of rain.
D 但是（however）
你可以用however在两个句子中对比两种想法，并表示第二种想法比第一种令人吃惊（如上述B中所示）；同时你可以用however或者on the other hand 就不同的人，地点或事物进行对比（如上述C中所示）。
I don’t agree with a lot of his methods. However，he is a good teacher.
We didn’t like the hotel at all. However, we still enjoyed ourselves.
Marcel thought it was a great film. Joe, however / on the other hand, thought it was stupid.
Most big cats, such as tigers and leopards, are very solitary creatures. Lions, however / on the other hand, spend much of their time in groups.
练习：
一、划掉不正确的答案。两个答案有可能都正确。
1. Although / in spite of we left late, we still got there in time.
2. It was a fantastic evening although / in spite of the terrible food.
3. We have decided to go in spite of / despite the cost of the tickets.
4. They enjoyed the course even though / whereas it was very difficult.
5. I love the sea furthermore / whereas most of my friends prefer the mountains.
6. We found a lovely villa near the lake that we can rent. In addition / Furthermore it has its own swimming pool, and we have free use of a car

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