第九节：非谓语动词用作宾语和宾语补足语
一、非谓语动词(短语)作动词宾语
1. 要求动词+ing作宾语的动词
有些动词只要求动词+ing作宾语, 这类动词有:
admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate,
avoid, consider,delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape,
excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve,
justify, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone,
prevent, quit, regret, require, resent, resist, risk,
stop, suggest, understand, can't help (couldn't help),
stand 等, 例如:
I couldn't help feeling proud of our country.
Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western
Hills.
某些动词词组也要求动词+ing作宾语, 例如:
give up, leave off, put off (注: 这些动词短语均为动词+副词结构)以及around
to, be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devote
to, feel like,look forward to, object to, resort to,
submit to 等。例如:
Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctor's
advice.
Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by
the sea?
Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing
business with
poor countries.
有时在形容词后面也要求用动词+ing, 例如: busy, worth, worthwhile等。例如:
Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?
还有在Point, trouble, difficulty 等名词后, 也用动词+ing。例如:
There is not much point (in) thinking about it.
American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding
their Japanese counterparts.
注: 在 it's no use, it's not much use, it's no good
后要求用动词+ing。但是在it is of no use 后则要用动词不定式。例如:
It's no use crying about it. You must do something.
It's no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
It's of no use to cry over spilt milk.
2. 要求动词不定式作宾语的动词
有些动词后面可以跟动词不定式, 这类动词有:
afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, assist, attempt,
(can't) bear, beg, begin, bother, care cease, choose,
claim, continue, dare, decide, demand, deserve, desire,
determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear,
forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like,
long, love, manage, mean,need, neglect, offer, plan,
prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose,refuse,
regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear,
tend, think,threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。例如:
Don't hesitate to ask me questions if you don't
understand.
He endeavoured to adopt a positive but realistic
attitude to the issue.
Philip politely pretended not to have heard this remark.
3. 在有些动词后面既可以跟动词+ing, 也可以跟动词不定式这类动词有:
attempt, (can't)bear, begin, cease, continue, deserve,
dislike, dread, fear,forget, hate, intend, like, love,
need, neglect, plan, prefer, propose, regret,remember,
require, start, try, want 等。
在有些动词后面, 两种结构之间的意义差别不大。例如:
He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he
writes a summary.
He had really intended staying (to stay) longer.
但在某些动词之后, 两种结构之间的意义差别较明显:
We must try to solve this problem.
我们必须设法解决这个问题。
We can try solving this problem in other ways.
我们可以试用另一些方法来解决这一问题。
I must remember to pay you for the ticket.
我一定要记住把电影票的钱支付给你。
这类词还有forget, mean, regret等。
demand, deserve, need, require, want 等词既可以要求动词+ing作宾语,
也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。例如:
John's house in the country wants painting.
John's house in the country wants to be painted.
这两种结构意义相同。
还有像go on, stop 这类动词如果后接动词+ing 则表示继续(做某事)或停止(做某事);
而如果后接动词不定式则表示前面一个动作已结束或停止, 继之做另一个动作。例如:
The robot first reads the engineering
drawing and then
goes on to
assemble the parts
机器人首先阅读工程图纸, 然后根据图约安装零部件。
Some students went on working on their examination when
the bell rang.
当铃声响的时候, 一些学生还在继续做考试题。
二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
要求动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:
feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice,
observe, see
和watch。在这些动词后面, 做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。例如:
I'll try to get someone repair the recorder for you.
Electricity makes the motor run.
但是当这些动词用于被动语态时, 后面的动词不定式则必须带to:
The motor is made to run by electricity.
在 cannot but, do nothing but (except), had better, had
best, rather
than, would rather 。.than 和 would sooner
than等结构后要求不带to的?动词不定式。例如:
I have done nothing except do what I should.
要求动词+ing(短语)作宾语补足语的动词有:
discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep, leave, like,
need, notice,
observe, report, see, smell, spot, want, watch 等。例如:
Male secretaries sometimes find themselves mistaken for
higher status
professionals.
You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop
over there.
其中在see, hear, feel, observe, watch, notice 等动词后,
既可以用不定式作宾语补足语, 也可以用动词+ing作宾语补足语。前者强调动作发生的?事实( 即动作全部过程结束
), 后者则强调动作的进行过程(即动作正在进行)。
Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off.
I saw him making the experiment.
注: 如果是过去分词作宾语补足语, 则表示过去分词所表示的动作在谓语?动词所表示的动作发生之前已经完成。例如:
We found the work completely done.
Exercise 9--I Fill in the blanks with proper verb forms:
1. The team really looks good tonight because the coach
had them ____
(parctise) every night this week.
2. We will have you ____ (know) that the machine has
been made ____
(work) at full speed.
3. The injured man could do nothing but____(wait) for
the doctor to
arrive.
4. You had better ____(reserve) your seats today if you
want to go to
the game.
5. We would rather put the meeting off than ____(hold)
it without
adequate preparation.
6. She likes to ____(listen)to the rain ____(patter)on
the window-panes.
7. I would like you ____(bring) the book which I lent
you three months ago.
8. If your pencil is let ____(drop)to the floor, you can
see gravity in
action.
9. Suddenly we felt the atmosphere ____(grow) tense.
10. He was seen____(drive) the car at high speed on the
highway yesterday.
11. I know it's not important but I can't help
____(think) about it.
12. That place is worth ____(travel) hundreds of miles
to visit.
13. Do you mean ____(risk)____(catch) cold by going out
now that it has
started pouring with rain?
14. How do you always manage ____(escape) ____(help)to
do the washing-up?
15. I can't stand people ____(shout) and ____(push) on
the street.
16. We shall appreciate ____(discuss) the matter with
you again.
17. It is of no use ____(argue) about it because he will
never
change his mind.
18. It is not much use ____(have) a bicycle if you don't
know how to
ride it.
19. If we go ____(camp), we ought to take some food with
us.
20. They don't allow____(make) noise in the classroom
building.
Exercise 9-II Fill in the blanks with proper verb forms
and then
translate the sentences into Chinese:
1. I forget ____(collect) your homework yesterday.
2. I shall never forget ____(go)with you to see the
Pr
esident.
3. Try ____(sit)still in a chair in a darkened room; you
will
be surprised how fast you'll get sleepy.
4. My sister tried ____(cheer)me up by every possible
means.
5. A party tonight will mean ____(work) extra hard
tomorrow.
6. I meant ____(ring) you but I'm afraid I forgot.
7. I regret ____(say) it was your fault.
pouring8. I regret ____(say) you have failed in the
examination.
9. I don't like ____(swim) today because it is too cold.
10. Tom has lived in a village on the sea and he likes
____(swim)very much.
11. We won't have him ____(do)the work owing to his
health.
12. We saw the machine tools ____(assemble), when we
visited the
factory last week.
13. Did you see Mr. Chang____(switch)off the light
14. At this moment he felt his heart____(beat)hard.
15. I want to gent something ____(read)during the
vocation.
Exercise 9--III Choose the one answer that best complete
the sentence:
1. Nobody enjoys having a tooth ____.
A. drill and fill B. drilling and filling
C. to drill and fill D. drilled and filled
2. It's no use our ____any longer. He may come by any
train. He is
used to finding his way around.
A. to wait B. waiting
C. to have waited D. having waited
3. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his
head high than
____with his knees bent.
A. to live B. living
C. live D. lived
4. I forgot ____her that my coat buttons need to be sewn
on.
A. reminding B. having reminded
C. to remind D. to have reminded
5. It's no good ____remember grammatical rules. You need
to practise
what you have learned.
A. trying to B. to try to
C. try to D. tried to
6. I feel like ____to the owner of the house to
complain.
A. writing B. to write
C. write D. having written

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