综合过关检测(八)　
(时间： 100分钟　满分： 120分)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2022·威海检测)Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes(染体)。
Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.
She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.
Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed the master’s degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for the doctorate degree.
McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.
An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island,
near New York City. McClintock started a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a perpetual position in the laboratory and got continual incomes. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without repeatedly asking for financial aid.
By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.
【解题导语】　本文主要叙述了有名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经受以及她在基因和染体争辩方面取得的重大成就。
1．Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize?
A．Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes.
B．Because she contributed to the development of genetic engineering and cancer resear
ch.
C．Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes.
D．Because she was the first American woman that studied genes and chromosomes.
Cxposed　解析：细节理解题。  依据第一段的其次句和最终一段的其次句可知， Barbara McClintock在基因与染体方面的争辩发觉让她获得了诺贝尔奖。  故选C。
2．In the middle of the great economic depression in the US，________.
A．young female scientists might have trouble finding a job
B．male scientists were in great demand
C．female geneticists were not in demand at all
D．male scientists were out of work
A　解析：推理推断题。 依据第五段最终两句可知， 男科学家能到工作， 但是女性遗传
学家的需求量不大。  由此可推知， 年轻的女科学家在经济大萧条时期工作可能会面临困难。
3．What does the underlined word“perpetual” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Permanent.          B．Difficult.
C．Useful.    D．Complex.
A　解析：词义猜想题。  依据画线词后面的“got continual incomes” 以及“This gave her the freedom to continue her research without repeatedly asking for financial aid.”可知， 这份工作可以让她得到持续的收入， 并且能让她连续她的争辩， 而不必不断地去恳求经济上的挂念， 由此可推断， 这个工作是“永久的”。  故选A。
B
(2022·南师附中等四校联考)Arriving late at a friend’s wedding, I wriggled my way through the crowd to congratulate him and his love. Waving at him over a number of heads, I overh
eard the new bride say：“I’ve got it！” Turning, I saw her, showing the golden ring in the manner of a hunter waving a hunted animal.
This idea of marriage as a victory was alien to me. The first child of a family so depressive that I left home at 16, I had come to regard marriage as a box in which women were kept. Yes, I had been conditioned by the same fairytales and their prejudiced view of a woman’s life—one that ends at her wedding—but I had also seen what can happen after a wedding. Love, I decided, was safe only when experienced at a distance.
In terms of suffering, my experience was not unusual. The latter half of the 20th century forever changed the landscape of marriage. Contraception(避孕), ease of travel, the domestic incorporation of screen­based technologies (television, computers), and practice of no­fault divorces were some of the factors that changed people’s expectations of each other and themselves.
In the following unrest, the communities that had helped marriages in times of difficulty broke down. Women who had once formed supportive social networks to help each other w
ith their children were now in offices for most of the day; their children were enrolled in day care and the aged placed in homes. The sense of liberation was matched only by alienation. Priorities had shifted from the human to the material.

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