美国文学补充练习填空题
Part I
1. At last early in the century, the English settlements
in and began the main stream of what we recognize as American national history.
2. The earliest settlers in US, includes , Swedes, ,
French,  , Italians, and  .
3. ’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s,
have been described as the first distinctly American literature to be written in English.
4. The Puritans had come to New England for the sake of  , while
Virginia had been planted mainly as a  .
5. Hard work,  , piety, and  were the Puritan values that
dominated much of the earliest American writing, including the sermons, books, and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and Cotton Mather.
6.  , the first governor of Plymouth, and  , who held the
same post at Boston, were men superior to even the remarkable qualities that distinguished many of their associates. Each has left us a priceless gift: the former,  , the latter  .
7. The best way to learn more of the colonial Puritan mind is to meet
two important figures, _____and  .
8. Most puritan verse was decidedly plodding, but the work of the two
writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of  .
Answer:
1. 17th, Virginia, Massachusetts
2. Ducth, Germans, Spaniards, Portuguese
3. Captain John Smith
4. religious freedom, commercial venture
5. thrift, sobriety
6. William Bradford, John Winthrop, The History of Plymouth
Plantation, The History of New England
7. John Cotton, Roger Williams
real poetry
Part II
1. As we have seen, dominated the Puritan phase of American
writing.  was the next great subject to command the attention of the best minds.
2. Freedom was won as much by the fiery rhetoric of Thomas
Paine’s  and the eloquence of the  as by the weapons of Washington or Lafayette.
3.  hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw
materials aboard and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country.
4. American  dealt a decisive blow upon the puritan traditions
and brought to life  and literature.
5. The secular ideas of the American Enlightenment were exemplified
in the life and career of , who instructed his countrymen as  , not  .
6. In 1783, the year the United States achieved its
independence, declared, “American must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms”.
7. Born in Boston in 1706, Benjamin Franklin went to Philadelphia as
a young man and began his career as  .
8. From 1732 to 1758, Franklin wrote and published his famous  ,
an annual collection of proverbs.
9. On January 10, 1766, Paine’s famous pamphlet  appeared. It
boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”, and b rought the separatist agitation to a crisis.
10. is perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-
revolutionary period.
11. Freneau was  by training and taste yet romantic in essential
spirit.
12. For a few years, writing with sporadic fluency, Freneau earned
his living variously as  ,  , and sea captain.
13. As a poet, heralded American literature independence:
his close observation of nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life and other native American subjects.
14. Fr eneau has been called the “”, and it is ultimately in a
historical estimate that Freneau is important.
Answer:
1. theology, politics
2. Common Sense,
Declaration of Independence
3. The British government
4. Enlightenment, secular education
5. Benjamin Franklin, a printer, a priest
6. Noah Webster
7. a printer
8. Poor Richard’s Almanac
9. Common Sense
10. Philip Freneau
11. neoclassical
12. farmer, journalist
13. Freneau
14. Father of American Poetry
Part III
1. In 1828 the election of the frontier as the seventh
President of the United States had brought an effective end to the “Virginia Dynasty” of American presidents.
2. The United States had been a republic of small , without sharp contrast of wealth.
3. Through the first half of 19th century the pursuit of , utility, and  remained an American characteristic.
4. In the first college-level institution for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary opened in  to serve the “muslin sex”.
5. Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of Atlantic.
6. The attitudes of America’s writers were shaped by their environment and array of ideas inherited from the  traditions of Europe.
7. values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War.
8. As    a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither  nor  .
portuguese9. Romantic writers placed increasing value on the  expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the  states of their characters.
10. In 1820, published An American Dictionary of The English Language.
11.  was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism, and his familiar style was destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper, and to provide a model for the prevailing prose narrative of the future.
12. Irving was the first great  , writing always for  , and to produce  .
13. was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.
14. Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories:  and  .
15. The central figure in Cooper’s novels,  , goes by serious names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder, and Hawkeye.
16. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis(Greek, meaning “view of death”) introduced the best poet,, to appear in American up to that time.
Answer:
1. Andrew Jackson
2. landholders
3. simplicity, perfection
4. 1837, Massachusetts
5. Sketch Book
6. New World, romantic
7. Romantic
8. logical, systematized
9. free, psychic
10. Noah Webster
11. Washington Irving
12. belletrist, pleasure, pleasure
13. The Spy
14. the sea adventure tale, the frontier saga
15. Natty Bumppo
16. William Cullen Bryant
1. Poe entered the , but left a short time later because he
would not enter the profession of law as Allan wished.
2. Ironically, while Poe was struggling in America, his work was
commanding more and more praise in . His influence was especially strong on many  writers.
3. Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader
of  movement, yet he never applied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.
4. Emerson believed above all in , independence of mind,
and  .
5. Two speeches,  and  made Emerson famous.

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