规避高考英语完形填空五大易错点
在高考英语中,完形填空一直以来都是考生得分率较低的题型,也是高考的拉分题目,所以这类题对于考生来说分分都要争,每分都要保,力争得满分。
【易错点1】
因不能正确区分形/义近词(组)而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析,因为形式相近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度,如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义就很容易选错。
【典例】 (2021·全国甲卷)
“I have and I admit responsibility for my ,” he said in the letter.“I e to you, __57__, to apologize for the damage I had caused and to ask you to my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
57. in pockets B.nose in the air
C.hat in hand D.feet on the ground
自主解答:________
【分析】 四个备选短语在结构上非常相似,基本都是“名词+介词+名词”的词组,部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。根据空后“...apologize for the damage”可推测,作者的态度是谦卑的。hands in pockets双手插兜;nose in the air目中无人;hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求);feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组,很容易选出正确选项。
【易错点1】
因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上,课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语也逐渐出现在选项中。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺,多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇,做到课标词汇无遗漏。
【典例】 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
The flight was __53__,and Tiffy was a great next day,she with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
53. B.unexpected
C.unavoidable D.uneventful
自主解答:________
【分析】 根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,这次飞行一切都平安无事。没有必要的;意想不到的;不可避免的;太平无事的。本题的难度在于 uneventful的理解。很多考生可能因为词汇理解障碍而错选失分。
【易错点3】
因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中,对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失
分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析,以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例1】 (2021·浙江6月卷)
My mother is 92.Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her and visit the doctor, providing __37__ and transportation.
37. B.medicine
C pany D.shelter
自主解答:________
【分析】 由语境和常识可知,此处指陪伴。pany的含义较多,可表示“公司;剧团;陪伴;来宾”,考生在遇到多义词时要结合具体语境进行分析和判断。
【典例2】 (2021·全国乙卷)
When she one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her colleague to accept it, saying that we were all just our patient looked puzzled, and then :“Oh this isn’t for the I take that as a __58__.No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
58. B.given
C.push D.greeting
自主解答:________
【分析】 given熟义为give的过去分词,此处用作名词,表示“(定当发生的)假设事实”。given还可作介词,表示“鉴于,考虑到”。
【易错点4】
因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中,考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式。考生在学习单词、词组或习惯用语时,受到思维定式的影响,只记中文意思过于简单化,而不深
刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。
【典例】 (2021·天津3月卷)
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen when he went bike shopping, he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the of bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work?
19. B.lock
C.repair D.replace
自主解答:________
【分析】 普鲁特作为热衷骑自行车的人,自行车被偷,他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车。但考生受思维定式影响,可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配,从而误选A项。
【易错点5】
因抓不住文章主线而错选
完形填空的考查点依附于语篇,而语篇具有连贯性,这就要求考生要理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理和判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持一个原则——不急于解答,根据前后文综合考虑再做判定。
【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we our dogs was a hot we paused to catch our ,Steve got down on one he proposing(求婚)?I liked him too,but so ?He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.__that__moment,I began to fall for him.
.
..
A year later,much to my ,this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to did not kneel(跪) down,nor did I him to.That’s only for giving __60__ to the dogs that brought us together.
60. B.awards
C.food D.water
自主解答:________
【分析】 文章首段提出了一个观点:一个人如何对待他的狗,你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知,作者是一位动物爱好者,她的约会对象史蒂夫也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中,史蒂夫下跪只是为了给把作者和史蒂夫带到一起的狗喝水。一年之后,作者欣然接受了史蒂夫的求婚。
【典例2】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, __41__ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its __42__ throughout Cleveland.
41. B.ordered
C.made D.reserved
42. B.families
C.schools D.citizens
uneventful自主解答:
【分析】 根据第一段中的“I worked in a baking factory.”可知,Hough Bakeries 是一家烘焙工厂,再根据常识可推知,此处表示烘焙工厂做兔子蛋糕,向它的门店供货。考生容易忽略上文的提示,误认为Hough Bakeries是一家烘焙店,从而认为烘焙店销售蛋糕给市民,导
致41题错选A,42题错选D。
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