名词解释
1.Inflection: it is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.
2.Suprasegmental feature： The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. the main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone.enable的名词形式
3.Speech variety：It is a term sometimes used instead of language, dialect, sociolect, pidgin, creole,etc. because it is concered more neutral than such terms. It may also be used for different varieties if one language, e.g. American English, Australian English, Indian English.
4.Standard language：It is also called standard variety. It is the variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language.
5.Predication：Predication is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. It is the basic unit in the semantic analysis of the a sentence. A predication consist of argument and predicate. 
6.Deep structure：It is a central theoretical term in generative grammar, opposed to surface structure. It is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence--an underlying level of structural organization which specifies or the facters governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.
7.Semantics：It is the study of meaning communicated through language. The basic task in semantics is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.
8.Euphemism：It is a mild, indirect or less offensive words or expression that replace a taboo word.
9.Bound morpheme：It is a morpheme which can not stand by itself as a complete utterance. It must appear with at lest one other morpheme,free or bound , like un-?? in unhappy, past tense morpheme in worked.
10.Slang：It refers to casual, very informal speech, using expressive but informal words and expressions.
11.Conceptualism：It is the view which holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the medaition of concepts in the mind.
12.Phonic medium of language：the limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e. the speech sounds 
13.Language acquisition device (LAD)：A hypothetical innate mechanism every normal human child is believed to be born with, which allow them to acquire language
14.Universal Grammar：It is the genetically endowed information consisting of principles and parameters that enable the child to deduce a grammar from the primary linguistic data.
15.Diachronic linguistics： It is a study of a language through the course of its history; therfore, it is also called historcial linguistics.
16.Apocope：It is known as a process in which final vowels may be lost. For example, the Old English word helpe developed into help in Modern English.
17.Truth condition：It is the fact that would have to obtain in reality to make a proposition true or false.
18.Displacement：It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.
19.Voicing：It is a phonetic feature  of  some sounds. It is is caused by the viberation of the vocal cords.
20.Sentence meaning：It refers to a sentence and is a grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract , intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication.
21. Registers：language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations, in con
trast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. Registers are also called situational dialects
22. Performatives：They are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are not verifiable, in other words, performatives are utterances that prefome an act —"do things".
24. universal grammar：it is system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the mind of a normal humanbeing. It consists of a set of general conditions, or general principles, that generate phrases and sentences.
26. Morpheme：the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.
28. Minimal pair：When two different phonetic forms are identical in every way except in one sound element that occurs in the same position in the string, the two forms are said two form a minimal pair.

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