2023届高考英语语法难点讲义：名词性从句考点精析
1. that省略问题
①只有用在单一的宾语从句才可以省略；
②而在并列宾语从句和主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句都不可以省略。
 
If we are serious about ensuring (that)our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure (that)our institutions encourage that kind of science.
如果我们真的要确保我们的科学既有意义又可复制，我们就必须确保我们的机构鼓励这种科学。(动词后只有一个宾语从句，that可以省略)
To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
要想认识到戏剧活动的伟大之处，我们必须进一步记住，许多戏剧已经消失，而且可能没有一位著名作者的全部作品留存下来。(remember后面跟着两个宾语从句，that不可以省略)
 
2. whether& if替换问题
只有在宾语从句中，whether可以用if替换，但是下面的几种情况例外：
①whether or not搭配(三个词紧跟一起只能用whether，如果or not放结尾依然可以使用if替换)；
②介词+whether。
③在动词不定式之前只能用whether；
④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；
⑤用if引起歧义时，只用whether。
 
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
由于我们对他们(年轻人)所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此融合，所以我们就禁不住考虑自己是否正在形成一种确保他们获得这种能力的力量。
Whether the paper was written by the famous artist, I really don’t know.
这篇论文是否是那位著名的艺术家所写，我真的不知道。
 
Could you please tell me if you know the answer?
这句话有两种意思：①你能告诉我，你是否知道答案吗？②如果你知道答案，你能告诉我吗？此处用whether可避免歧义。
 
3. it代替的主语从句&强调句
∙
强调句：如果去掉“It hat/who”，句子仍然成立。
it主语从句：如果去掉“It hat/who”，句子不成立。
∙
It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
正是由于这些伟大思想的揭示才诞生了一种在理性基础上建立起来的新哲学。(强调句：如果去掉强调结构，句子仍然成立)
 Afterall, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a connection.
毕竟，在有证据证明抽烟和癌症之间的联系之前，抽烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。(it指代后面真正的主语从句：如果去掉it was ... that结构，句子不成立)
 
4. It作形式主语的重点表达
It seems 
似乎
It
碰巧
It dawns  upon/on sb. / It occurs to sb.
某人突然明白/想到
It
因此/由此可见
It makes  no
无所谓
It turns
结果是
It  doesn’t need to be
不必担心
It comes
   结果是
It is of  little
无关紧要
 After all, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a connection.
毕竟，在有证据证明抽烟和癌症之间的联系之前，抽烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。
It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. 
事实证明，大脑需要像我们的肌肉一样进行锻炼，正确的心理锻炼可以显著改善我们的基本认知功能。
 
5. 否定的转移
在think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词后的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，即把从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。
Schneider said, “I don't think (that) people are capable of that anymore.”
施耐德说,“我认为(现在的)人们已经不可能再做到这些了。”
 
6. 宾语从句的时态
enable的名词形式在宾语从句中，①当主句用现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况；②当主句用过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态；如果从句表示客观真理或自然现象，从句仍用现在时。
“We see that theprogram is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,” Farrow says.
法罗说："我们看到该计划与森林砍伐减少了30%有关。
Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.
费拉罗想知道印尼的扶贫计划是否影响到森林砍伐。
 
7. 用that时同位语从句与定语从句的区别
①    从句成分：同位语从句的主干成分完整；而定语从句一定要缺少主语或者宾语。
②    that指代：同位语从句的that只起连接作用，没有指代；而定语从句的that指代从句的主语或者宾语。
③    内容：同位语从句的意思指的就是前面名词的具体内容；而定语从句只是限定前面的名词，与内容无关。
The man told me the news that he would leave for Beijing.
The man told me the news that surprised me a great deal.
第一句是同位语从句，从句主干成分完整，从句的内容即the news的内容；第二句是定语从句，从句缺少主语成分，从句的内容与the news无关。
 
8. 名词性从句的常见写作错误
① 连接词使用的错误
❌It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.
✔It’s uncertain whether the experiment is worth doing.
【析】从句内容不确定，用whether；that用于内容确定的从句。
❌Johnson was soon told why he did was unnecessary.
✔Johnson was soon told what he did was unnecessary.
【析】he did缺少宾语成分，用what hedid作为told后面从句的主语。why是副词，不能在从句中作主语。
② 从句语序的错误
❌You can’t imagine how excited were they when they received these nice gifts.
✔  You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received these nice gifts.
【析】从句应该用陈述语序they were，后面的when是状语从句，修饰前面的how excited they were。
③ 标点符号的错误
❌I think, that my Spanish has improved a great deal.
✔  I think that my Spanish has improved a great deal.
【析】此处that连接的是宾语从句，主干之间在没有插入语的情况下不能加逗号。
④ 连接词省略的错误
❌It's said the officer has gone abroad.
✔  It's said that the officer has gone abroad.
【析】在名词性从句的正规语法中只有宾语从句可以省略that，这是一个主语从句，it作形式主语，that不可以省略。
⑤ 从句时态的错误
❌He told me that he don’t like his algebra class.
✔  He told me that he didn’t like his algebra class.
【析】当主句谓语使用过去时，从句的谓语要改为相应的过去时。

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