Unit 2 Working the land
Grammar
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 知识目标
a. 词汇
sunburnt, hunger, expand, circulate, struggle, export, output, satisfied, strain, of, lead a ... life, would rather, thanks to
b. 语法   
The -ing form as subject and object.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable Ss to master the usage of the words and expressions above and use the -ing form as
subject and object correctly and freely.
Teaching important points 教学重点
The usage of the important words and the -ing form used as subject and object.
Teaching difficult points 教具难点
How to use the words and expressions and the -ing form freely.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Explaining, discussing and practising.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A projector and a computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
enable的名词形式
Part 1. Get the Ss to underline the sentences with v-ing form and then say out their function of v-ing forms.
Seeing is believing.
Helping her is my duty.
Talking mends no holes.
Working with you is a pleasure.
It's rather tiring walking around in a city.
It’s worth making the effort．
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
归纳1：动名词作主语的用法 
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
②用形式主语it，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。       
Part 2. Get the Ss to underline the sentences with v-ing form and then say out their function of v-ing forms.
A. I can’t avoid going．
Have you considered looking for one special friend?
Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 
People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．
B. we intended go outing on Sunday.
Let’s start singing to song.
After a warm discussion, we all continued doing our homework.
C. I remember posting the letter．
 Let’s try doing the working in some other way．
Your plan would mean spending hours．
We stopped talking．
归纳2： 动名词作宾语的用法
 1．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如admit, appreciate, avoid，can't stand（不能忍受）, consider，delay, devote … to, dislike enjoy，escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine, insist on, keep (on), look forward to, mention, mind, miss（错过）, pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest等等。
 2. 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。
 3. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。
Part 3. Get the Ss to underline the sentences with v-ing form and then say out their function of v-ing forms.
We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.
I apologize for being so angry with you.
After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up．
I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．
She devoted herself to teaching.
归纳3：动名词作介词宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
A．介词+动名词
B．动词+介词+动名词
※下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to, refer to, make a contribution to,等
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
1.--- What do you think made Mary upset?
--- Losing (lose) her new bicycle, I think.
2. When the teacher suggested taking (take) a swim, the entire class cheered in approval.
3. I tried to avoid meeting (meet) him because he always bored me.
4. I mean to change(change) the plan even if it means taking (take) an extra month.
5. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help being persuaded (persuade) into buying (buy) things they don’t really need.
6. Tom was unhappy at not being invited / not having been invited (not invite) to the party.
7. It’s no use arguing (argue) with him.
It’s not necessary to argue (argue) with him.
8. We don’t allow smoking (smoke) here.
We don’t allow students to smoke (smoke).
9. It’s not my fault. I remembered locking / having locked (lock) the door already.
It’s my fault. I should have remembered to lock (lock) the door.
10. They prefer staying (stay) at home to going out.
They prefer to stay (stay) at home.
They’d prefer you (to) stay (stay) at home.

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