掌握文脉词语巧解完形填空
作者:邱彩花
来源:《广东教育·高中》2020年第05期
enable的名词形式
        完形填空题不是单靠语感来决定选项的,一定要通过上下文的语境来决定。在答题之前,首先要对文章的主题和脉络有个清晰的把握。
        纵观历届高考完形填空题,其文本多数是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文体,记叙文或夹叙夹议通常都是讲述一个故事,正如蔡康永所说的“是个故事就要‘有意义’,而且‘不顺利’。”
        “有意义”就是故事的寓意,是指作者在经历某次事件之后从中得出的道理、感悟或经验教训,通常会在故事的结尾点出,有时也会在故事的一开头就说明。
        “不顺利”则是指作者或故事主人翁所经历的曲折,通常是开头并不顺利、历经磨难、出现转机或终于成功做成某事或者脱险等,其中要经历自身心理的抗争,身体的挣扎,故事情节可能跌宕起伏、经历一波三折,无论开头有多么的艰难或多么的不幸,到故事的最后,情节都会出现反转,主人公都会获得成功、对社会做出了贡献、心理起了变化、心灵得到救赎等。
        因此,出文中能体现文脉的或有关故事情节发展的关键语句,对正确解题至关重要。笔者从近几年的高考试题中梳理出了有关文脉络的词汇,希望对考生考前复习有所帮助。
        一、表示不顺利的词语
        表达如天气恶劣、道路堵塞、供应中断等不顺利的词或短语有很多。如:
        倾盆大雨rain heavily, pour
        暴雨storm, thunderstorm
        难以忍受的unbearable
        撞车car crash
        遇上瓢泼大雨be caught in a downpour
        被绊住/卡住/夹住be caught(in /on)
        卡住不能动stick
        被困be trapped in
        (路)被阻断be blocked out
        (路)湿滑 / 滑倒slip, slippery, slide
        冻得/怕发抖be shaking with fear /cold
        迷路lose one’s way, be lost in, be at a loss
        (食物/水/電力等)中断(food /water /electricity supplies) be cut off
        即学即练
        1.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller _________ going over a fence—which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms.
        A. stuck B. hurt C. tired D. lost
        2.(2016年浙江卷)My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left
in a tiny shack(棚屋)alone. The heat was_________—almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌).
        A. inflexible B. incomprehensible
        C. uncontrollable D. unbearable
        答案:1. A 2. D
        二、表示历经磨难的词语
        碰到某人run into sb, came across sb, come on /upon sb
        奋斗,战斗fight
        奋力,尽力struggle
        遭受/经历through /go through
        遭受苦难suffer
        遭遇(困难等)be met with
        面临/必须对付be faced with
        前往made one’s way to /towards
        挤进去push one’s way
        蜿蜒向前wind /wound one’s way
        摸索着前进feel one’s way
        挑战/受到挑战challenge/ challenged
        眼泪从脸上留下tears pour down one’s cheek
        被拒绝be turned down, be rejected /refused /declined
        被打败felt beaten
        倍感挫败feel frustrated
        倍感失望disappointed
        击败,打败defeat/ defeated
        汗流浃背sweat (vi.)
        紧张的nervous /anxious
        叹气sigh
        放弃give up
        徒劳in vain
        陷入困境中in trouble
        即学即练
        1.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷)Jeff had hunted in Lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched________for Rosie in the n
ext four days.
        A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
        2.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷)Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak(皮划艇)was in________.“Something’s not right !”
        A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle
        答案:1. D 2. A
        三、表示成功或结果的词句
        表示成功做成某事、实现目标、对社会做出了贡献、心理起了变化等的词句。如:
        所有的付出都有了回报。All efforts paid off.
        我的计划奏效了。My plan worked. / It worked perfectly.
        我成功了!I made it.
        我成功地做成某事。I succeeded in doing sth.
        实现某人的目标/目的fulfill /realize / achieve / reach one’s aim goal
        变得强大/坚定grow tall /big /bigger /determined
        成为……最优秀的人make sb the top of /be ranked the best
        改善/促进promote /improve /better
        救,挽救,拯救save
        接受accept
        导致/促进result in, cause, lead to, contribute to,
        使……摆脱free ... from ...
        松了一口氣relief /relieve
        如释重负地松了口气breathe a sigh of relief
        使某人能够做成某事enable sb to do sth
        即学即练
        (1)(2019全国Ⅰ卷)I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ________.
        49. A. paying off B. spreading out
        C. blowing up D. fading away
        (2)(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who cares enough to go to that kind of trouble,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ________.
        58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team
        答案:1. A 2. C
        四、表示情节发展的信息词
        关注文章出现的有关情节发展的一些动词或名词,这些词往往也是考点。如:
        改变,变化change
        发现/(没)注意到spot, notice, discover, take(no)notice of

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