选修八 第二十四单元（一）
同步复习
重点词汇
1．burden n. 重担；责任；重任　vt. 装载；使负担
a burden to/on sb. 是某人的负担
shoulder/bear/take on the 承担……重任
burden sb. with sth. 使某人负担……
①The boy was a_burden_to his family.
那个男孩是他家里的一个负担。
②She bore the burden of caring for her sick mother.
母生生病，她担负起照顾的重任。
③I don‘t want to burden you with my problems.
我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。
即学即练　
What ______ me is how she will manage as her husband has died.
A．burdens　    B．affects      C．interrupts　    D．disturbs
解析：句意为：“她的丈夫死了，她如何生活成了我心里的负担”。
答案：A
2．resign v. 辞职；放弃(工作，职位等)
resignation n. 放弃，辞职
辞去……职务
resign oneself to (doing) 听任(某种影响)；
只好(做某事)
resign sb. to... 把某人托交给……
resign oneself to extinction 束手待毙
①She resigned from the committee.
她辞去了委员会的职务。
②He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job.他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。
③The team refused to resign themselves to defeat (to being defeated). 该队不甘失败。
即学即练　
The Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor that he had planned to ______.
A．discharge              B．dismiss
C．resign              D．Resume
解析：考查动词辨析。discharge 遣走某人，让某人离去；dismiss 开除，解雇 resume 恢复，重新开始。resign “离职”合题意。
答案：C
3．cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) 投掷；投射；抛
cast aside 抛弃，消除，废除
cast away 抛弃，丢掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事
cast behind 疏远；把……抛在脑后
cast down 使沮丧/不愉快
cast off 丢弃
cast one‘s eyes over 审视
cast one’s mind back to sth. 回顾，回想
cast light on/upon＝throw light upon 弄清楚
①Don‘t be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.
不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！
②As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen cast their nets into the sea.
渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。
③As soon as he became rich he cast aside all his old friends who gave him some help.
他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。
即学即练　Hearing the news that he didn't pass the final exam, he became ______ at once.
A．casted down                  B．cast down
C．cast off                  D．casted off
解析：cast 的过去式、过去分词都是cast，故排除A、D项。cast down 使沮丧；cast off 解缆放船；抛开。
答案：B
4．undertake vt. 着手，从事，承担；承诺，答应
undertakeing n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应burden是什么意思
undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目
undertake to do sth. 答应做某事
undertake for sth. 为……负责
①The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.
公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。
②He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。
③I‘ll undertake for your security. 我将保证你的安全。
即学即练　
As we are busy these days, we might ______ this urgent work for the time being.
A．undertake  B．agree  C．undergo  D．Charge
解析：句意为“因为这些天我们很忙，我们暂时可能做那些急需干的事”。undertake 作“从事，进行”讲。undergo 的意思是“经历，遭受”，如：The company has undergone some major changes in the last five years. 公司在过去的五年中起了重大的变化。
答案：A
5．sentence n. 句子；vt. 宣判，判决
sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑
sentence sb. to 5 years in prison 判某人五年监禁
be sentenced for theft 因盗窃罪被判刑
give sentence upon/on sb. 对某人判刑
serve one‘s sentence 服刑
under sentence of death 被判处死刑
①One that killed somebody on purpose must be sentenced to death.
故意杀人者必定被判处死刑。
②He received a heavy/light sentence.
他受到重/轻判。
③The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.
犯人已服刑期满，明天将获释。
即学即练　
完成句子
①He _____________________________________(因杀人被判死刑)．
②___________________________________(在服刑期间)，he behaved very well.
6．moreover adv. 再者，此外
furthmore adv. 此外，而且
furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides 等用于上下文中起衔接作用，对上文所述的情况进行补充说明，在写作中使用这样的副词可使上下文更加通顺、有条理，表达更清晰。
①He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.
他说他没有和她讨论过这个问题。而且，他甚至没有和她联系过。
②A talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some notes.他是一位有才华的艺术家，而且还是一位颇有名气的作家。
③There is, in addition, one further point to make.
此外，还有一点要说。
即学即练　
I don't like to go out for a picnic on such a wet day. ______， I don't have time now.
A．Furthermore          B．Therefore
C．Otherwise          D．Nevertheless
解析：考查副词用法。furthermore 意为“而且，此外”，表示意思上的递进。therefore “因此”；otherwise “否则”；nevertheless “尽管如此，然而”，三者均不合题意。
答案：A
短语句型
1．come into being 出现；形成；产生
into being 使形成；使产生
for the time being 暂时；眼下
We don‘t know when the universe came into being.
我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。
提示：come into being是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有：come into
power 当权
come into effect 生效
come into action 开始行动
come into office 就职
come into sight 看得见
come into use 开始使用
即学即练　
After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came ______ being, which would have a great effect ______the cultural life of the people.
A．into; for              B．to; to
C．from; at              D．into; on
解析：考查短语 come into being “形成”和 have an effect on “对……有影响”
答案：D
2．wind sb. up 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)
It is not good manners to wind others up in public.
在公共场所故意惹恼别人是不礼貌的。
拓展：
(1)wind up 终止，结束
She wound up her speech with a saying.
她以一句谚语结束了她的演讲。
(2)wind up 使兴奋
He was wound up into excitement at the news that he had won the first of the University Entrance Examination in his country.
当知道在高考中得了全县第一的时候，他极为兴奋。
(3)wind up a clock 给钟表上紧发条
(4)wind up/down the window of the car 摇上/下车窗

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