英语音标及读音规则
26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:]
D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef]
G g [dVi:] H h [eitF] I i [ai]
J j [dVei] K k [kei] L l [el]
M m [em] N n [en] O o [[u]
P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [B:]
S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:]
V v [vi:] W w [5dblju:] X x [eks]
Y y [wai] Z z [zi:]/[zed]
以上我们可以看出, 英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素。如:
1) 含元音音素 [ei]
字母: Aa Hh J j Kk
音标: [ei] [eitF] [dVei] [kei]
2) 含元音音素 [i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [dVi:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素 [e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音音素 [ju:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [5dblju:]
5) 含元音音素 [ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
英语发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
在开音节中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
[ A]
bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中
lunch的音标怎么写读[i:]
he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中
[[u]
those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[R]
clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中, 元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音, 例如: June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[E]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E]/[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a在[w]音后面 [C]
want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [a:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai]
find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [Eu]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [Q]
come monkey love mother
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar在[w]音后面 [a:]car farm dark sharpener
[C:]warm quarter towards
or在[w]音后面 [C:]forty morning short
[E:]word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are [a:E] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [C:] more score before
ure [ju:E] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音.
例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[C]
small ball talk wall all
[C:l]
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half calm
au/aw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E:]
earth learn early
ee[i:] jeep week green three
eer[iE]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
eu/ew在
j l r s后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew
ie/ei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
[C:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
course your four
[auE]
our hour ours
[C:]
journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字的读音
元音字组或字
读 音
例 词
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
pression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [tFE n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
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