Lesson 10 Not For Jazz
一、原文
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was brought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we were not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
二、参考译文
我家有一件古乐器,它叫古钢琴,是1681年德国制造的。我们的古钢琴放在起居室里。我们家有这架古钢琴已经很久了,它是我爷爷在很多年前买的。最近它被一位客人弄坏了,因为她试图用它来弹奏爵士乐。她敲击键盘过猛,损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊,不允许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
三、精读笔记
Part 1 词汇、短语
1、Make 的短语
made in (a country) 表示产地;例如:made in China  中国制造
made of (a material)表示某一种材料制成; 例如:the tea pot is made of silver.茶壶是银做的。
made from  (a number of material) 表示由几种材料构成、做成;例如:glass is made from sand and lime.
made by (someone) 表示制造人;例如:the cake is made by my mother.这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
2、belong to  属于、是.....的一员、归于
例句:Tom is belong to the Bear Team. TOM是大熊队的一员。
I don't care what party you belong to. 我不关心你是那个团体的。
3、damage
①physical harm caused to sth  which masks it less attractive,useful,valuable (有形变的)损坏、破坏
例句:serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor damage 重大的╱严重的╱大范围的╱永久性的╱轻微的损坏
②harmful effects on sb/sth 损害、伤害
例句:emotional damage resulting from divorce 离婚引起的感情伤害
4、strick---struck---struck
①to hit sb/sth hard or with force (用力)敲、打、撞、碰撞
instrument的复数
例句:strick the keyborad  敲击键盘
②to hit sb/sth with your hand or weapon(用手或武器)打、击
例句:She struck him in the face. 她掴了他一耳光
③to hit or knick a ball,etc  踢球等
例句:He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罚球点,稳稳地把球踢入网内。
④to attack sb/sth, especially suddenly 突击;攻击
⑤to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on sb/sth 侵袭;爆发(疾病/不好的影响等)
例句:The area was struck by an outbreak of colivd-19.
⑥to refuse to work as a protest 罢工
例句:Striking workers picketed the factory. 罢工的工人在工厂附近设置了纠察队
5、allow
allow sb to do sth  允许某人做某事
Sth be allowed to do (by sb)
Part 2 句型、语法
1、被动语态
(1)一般现在时的被动语态的结构am\ is\ are + done   
如:  He is told to clean the blackboard every day.
(2)一般过去时的被动语态的结构was\ were + done
如:  Jim was made to stand in English class yesterday .
(3)进行时的被动语态的结构 be + being + done
如:  The trees are being planted now.
(4)现在完成时的被动语态的结构has\ have + been + done 
如:  Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space.
(5)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构 情态动词 + be + done   
如:  No photos can be taken during the concert.
(6)动词不定式的被动语态的结构to + be + done         
如:  There are twenty more trees to be planted.
2、名词所有格
(1)名词+‘s 所有格:既可以用在有生命,也可以用在没生命的名词上
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s构成所有格 如:TOMS book
②复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加’ 构成所有格 如:girls’ favorite food
③若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。
如:This is Tom and Jim’s room. 这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。
These are Tom’s and Jim’s rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。
(2)Of所有格:通常和无生命的名词连用 
例句:the title of the lesson 课文的标题
(3)双重所有格:s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。
它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。
①名词+of+名词性物主代词。
例如: a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
②名词+of+'s所有格。
例如: He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我的一个朋友
不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。
例如:most of the students 学生中的大多数
(4)比较:
1.She is Mary's brother's friend.
2.She is a friend of Mary's brother.
3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.
1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。
2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个



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