CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
90th Edition
CD-ROM Version 2010
Editor-in-Chief
David R. Lide
Former Director, Standard Reference Data
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Associate Editor
W. M. “Mickey” Haynes
Scientist Emeritus
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Editorial Advisory Board
Grace Baysinger
Swain Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Library Stanford University  Henry V. Kehiaian ITODYS  University of Paris VII
Lev I. Berger
California Institute of Electronics and Materials Science  Kozo Kuchitsu Department of Chemistry  Josai University
Michael Frenkel
National Institute of Standards and Technology Dana L. Roth
Millikan Library
California Institute of Technology
Robert N. Goldberg
National Institute of Standards and Technology, retired Daniel Zwillinger  Mathematics Department  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
FOREwORD BY ThE PuBLIShER
Publishing the 90th edition of this landmark reference is a true milestone in the history of CRC Press. Since its first publication in 1913 – as a 116-page pocket-sized book priced at $2 – the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics has developed into a 2800 page tome that no longer fits anyone’s pocket but still finds a place on every scientist’s bookshelf.
Certainly, the tremendous advances in science and technology over the past 96 years have fuelled the increase in the Handbook’s contents, but the immense task of data selection, compilation, and organization has been expertly performed by a succession of Editors, Advisory Board members, and Contributors. These people have played a significant role in shaping the Handbook that we see today, and it is to them that I wish to pay tribute in this Foreword. Covering such large subject areas, the Editors have always relied on a team of subject experts from around the world to contrib-ute articles and tables. A cursory glance over the names credited through the years provides an interesting historical roll call of re-nowned chemists and physicists who have given their time and scientific experti
se to the Handbook. These contributors include leaders such as Nobel Laureate Glenn T. Seaborg, space science pioneer James Van Allen, and C. S. “Speed” Marvel, considered the father of synthetic polymer chemistry.
Originally conceived by the Ohio-based Chemical Rubber Company as an incentive to encourage sales of their laboratory supplies, the Handbook started life as a small booklet of useful mathematical formulae and laboratory data. By 1913, it had grown to 116 pages and was published in its own right as the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. The Editor was William R. Veazey, an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the (then) Case School of Applied Science. Who could have predicted that this pocket book was to become so well known that its users came to refer to it as the ‘Rubber Bible’ or, simply, the ‘CRC’? To paraphrase a review of the 88th edition –“if you can’t find a copy in your lab, that’s because someone in the next lab has stolen it.”
Veazey’s successor was Charles D. Hodgman, his Assistant Editor for the first edition and an Associate Professor of Physics at Case. Hodgman went on to hold the position of Editor from 1915 to 1963, overseeing 42 editions of the Handbook. Under his Editorship the Handbook grew to over 3000 pages and the cov-erage expanded to include x-ray crystallography, nuclear physics, synthetic polymers, and other fields that did not exist when his first edition appeared.
Following Hodgman’s retirement Robert Weast took over the Editorship and published the 45th edition in 1964. Noticeably big-ger with an 8” by 10” page size, the Handbook continued to expand in both scope and magnitude over the next few years. In 1972, The Chemical Rubber Company first published it under the CRC Press imprint, and in the late 1970’s sold off its laboratory supply busi-ness, moved to new headquarters in Florida, and began building its book publishing business.
David R. Lide became the Handbook’s fourth Editor in 1989, and took the opportunity to radically overhaul the organization and content to reflect the needs of the modern user. He added, merged, and deleted tables, and during the period of his editorship, up-dated 100 percent of the content. Staying within the confines of a single volume has always meant difficult decisions on which tables to include – often at the expense of others –but with the advent of electronic media, the Handbook is now available electronically and space constraints are less of a problem. Modern production techniques and the move to a larger page size have given the cur-rent Handbook a cleaner and more user-friendly look. Publication of the 90th edition marks David Lide’s final edition as Editor-in-Chief, and the publisher wishes to take this opportunity to thank him for his tremendous expertise and enthusiasm that has helped make the Handbook so indispensable to today’s scientists. Starting with the 91st edition, the Handbook editorship transfers to W.M. “Mickey” Haynes, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of
Thermophysics, Scientist Emeritus at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and former Chief of the NIST Physical and Chemical Properties Division. We look for-ward to a new era in the Handbook’s long and illustrious history.
Fiona Macdonald
Publisher, CRC Press
Boca Raton, Florida
March 2009
PREFACE  TO 90th EDITION
The 90th Edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics marks a milestone for this reference work, which first appeared in 1913. For almost a century the Handbook has been updated annually, except for a few wartime years, and has served several generations of R&D professionals, engineers, and students. Its aim has always been to provide broad coverage of all types of physical science data commonly encountered by scientists and engineers, with as much depth as can be accommodated in a one-volume format. The data contained in the Handbook have been carefully selected by experts in
each field; quality control is a high priority and the sources are documented. The annual updates make it possible to add new and improved data in a timely fashion, and references to more detailed data sources have helped to establish the Handbook as the first place to look for physical and chemical data.
This edition also marks the retirement of the current Editor-in-Chief after 20 years in that post. The reception to the changes I have made in the book is very gratifying, and I greatly appreciate the suggestions that have come from the Editorial Board, the contributors, and many users. The new Editor will be W. M. “Mickey” Haynes, who has had long experience in providing physical and chemical data through the National Institute of Standards and Technology and through his service as Editor of the International Journal of Thermophysics. I am confident that he will continue the tradition of excellence the Handbook has achieved.
Many new tables and updates are included in the 90th Edition, especially in the following areas:
Fluid properties (Sec. 6) - new data over a wider temperature and pressure range for -Water (including D2O) and steam
-Air
-Refrigerants and other important industrial fluids
Biochemistry (Sec. 7) – new tables on
-  Enzyme catalyzed reactions
-  Structure and functions of common drugs
-  Chemical constituents of human blood
Analytical chemistry (Sec. 8) – new and expanded tables on
-Proton NMR shifts for solvents and other fluids
-Mass spectral peaks
-Nuclear moments and other data for NMR spectroscopy
-Aqueous solubility of organic compounds
Astronomy and geophysics (Sec. 14) – new data on
-
Properties of the planets and their satellites
-Major world earthquakes, 850 AD to 2008
-Interstellar molecules
Other new and expanded tables
-International recommendations for the expression of uncertainty of measurements
-Description of the new IUPAC chemical identifier (InChI)
-Nobel prize winners in physics and chemistry
-Threshold limits for airborne contaminants
In addition to offering the full text of the print edition in searchable pdf format, this CD-ROM Version 2010 presents the major tables of numerical data in the form of interactive tables that can be sorted, filtered, and combined in various ways. Substances in these tables can be retrieved by
searching on name, formula, CAS Registry Number, or chemical structure, and such a search can be c
ombined with a request for a desired property. Thus one can request a specific property of a specific substance (for example, viscosity of benzene) and receive a customized table with exactly that information. In addition, the CD-ROM version includes a section with pdf files of many older tables that have been removed from the print edition to make space for new material.
Suggestions on new topics for the Handbook and notification of errors are always appreciated. Input from users plays a key role in keeping the book up to date. Address all comments to Editor-in-Chief, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487.
The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dependent on the efforts of many contributors throughout the world. The list of current contributors follows this Preface. The assistance and support of Dr. Fiona Macdonald, Chemical and Biological Sciences Publisher for CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Books, is greatly appreciated. Finally, I want to thank Mimi Williams, Pam Morrell, Glen Butler, James Yanchak, and Theresa Delforn for their outstanding work in production of the book and the software team at Hampden Data Services for producing the CD-ROM version.
David R. Lide
2009        April
The 90th Edition of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dedicated to my wife,
Bettijoyce Breen Lide, and to the members of my family
David Alston Lide, Vanessa Lide Whitcomb and David Whitcomb, James Lide and Deborah Horowitz, Quentin Lide and Suzanne Romero, Neil and Lizzie Molino, and Van Molino
and to my grandchildren
David A. Lide, Jr., Mary Lide, Grace Lide, David A. Whitcomb, Kate Whitcomb, and
Zoë Lide
How To Cite this Reference
The recommended form of citation is: David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition (CD-ROM Version 2010), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL. If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of Organic Compounds", in CRC Handbook of Che
mistry and Physics, 90th Edition (CD-ROM Version 2010), David R. Lide, ed., CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.
This work contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Best efforts have been made to select and verify the data on the basis of sound scientific judgment, but the author and the publisher cannot accept responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
© Copyright Taylor and Francis Group LLC 2010
CuRREnT COnTRIBuTORS
Robert A. Alberty
Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Lev I. Berger
California Institute of Electronics and Materials Science
2115 Flame Tree Way
Hemet, California 92545
A. K. Covington
Department of Chemistry University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU England
J. R. Fuhr
Atomic Physics Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
J. Gmehling
Universität Oldenburg
Fakultät V, Technische Chemie
D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany Robert N. Goldberg Biotechnology Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Allan H. Harvey Thermophysical Properties Division National Institute of Standards and Technology
Boulder, Colorado 80305
Steven R. Heller
Chemical and Biochemical Reference Data Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Norman E. Holden
National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York 11973
Henry V. Kehiaian
7, Allee de la Caravelle
94430 Chennevieres sur Marne France
Carolyn A. Koh
Center for Hydrate Research Colorado School of Mines
1600 Illinois St.
Golden, Colorado 80401Willem H. Koppenol
Dept CHAB
Lab. f. Anorg. Chemie, HCI H211
Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10
ETH Hönggerberg
CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Eric W. Lemmon
Thermophysical Properties Division
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Boulder, Colorado 80305
Frank J. Lovas
8616 Melwood Rd.
Bethesda, Maryland 20817
Yu-Ran Luo
School of Chemistry and Material Science
University of Science and Technology of
China
Hefei 230026, China
William C. Martin
Atomic Physics Division
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Alan D. McNaught
8 Cavendish Avenue
Cambridge CB1 7US
England
Thomas M. Miller
Air Force Research Laboratory/VSBP
29 Randolph Rd.
Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Calgary
2500 University Drive NW
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
Peter J. Mohr
editors in chief
Physics Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
I. Ozier
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of British Columbia
6224 Agricultural Road
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1,
Canada
Cedric J. Powell
Surface and Microanalysis Science
Division
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Joseph Reader
Atomic Physics Division
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
E. Dendy Sloan
Center for Hydrate Research
Colorado School of Mines
1600 Illinois St.
Golden, Colorado 80401
Lewis E. Snyder
Astronomy Department
University of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois 61801
Barry N. Taylor
Physics Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Petr Vanýsek
Department of Chemistry
Northern Illinois University
DeKalb, Illinois 60115
Wolfgang L. Wiese
Atomic Physics Division
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Christian Wohlfarth
Martin Luther University
Institute of Physical Chemistry
Mühlpforte 1
06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
Daniel Zwillinger
Mathematics Department
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, New York 12180
Piotr Zyla
Particle Data Group
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Berkeley, California 94720

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