Interpreting Chinese Terms of Address and Titles
中国职衔翻译法
  在外事活动中,译员经常会遇到职衔的翻译。职衔体现一个人的身份、资历、等级和地位,职衔翻译不当,不仅是对有关个人的不敬,也会产生很多意想不到的后果。因此,译员必须慎重行事。
1. 正职头衔翻译法
我国的正职头衔通常以“总。。。”、“首席”、“长”、“主席”、“主任”等方式出现,英语一般用chief, general, head, president, chairman, director, commissioner, commander, executive, senior等词来搭配。但究竟选用哪个词应根据英语的表达习惯和汉语的约定俗成来加以确定。
1)用chief来表示的职衔
总司令;总指挥      Commander-in-chief
总编辑              Editor-in-chief
总参谋长            Chief of General Staff
总工程师            Chief Engineer
总会计师            Chief Accountant
总建筑师            Chief Architect
总裁判              Chief Referee
图书馆馆长          Chief Librarian
首席法官;审判长    Chief Judge
检察长              Chief Procurator
总裁;首席执行官    Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
首席记者            Chief Correspondent
首席谈判代表        Chief Negotiator
////科长      Chief/Head of the Department/Bureau/Division/Section
///镇长        County/District/Township/Town Chief/ Head
2) general表示的职衔
总书记              Secretary General
检察长              Procurator-general
审计长            Auditor-general
秘书长            Secretary-general
总领事            Consul-general
总监              Inspector-general; Chief Inspector
总经理            General Manager
3)用head表示的职衔
总教练            Head Coach
总厨              Head Chef
护士长            Head Nurse
村长              Village Head
列车长            Head of a train crew
代表团团长        Head of a delegation
4)用president表示的职衔
            President
中国科学院院长      President of the Chinese Academy of Science
院长    President of the Higher People’s Court
特别法庭庭长        President of a special court
南京大学校长        President of Nanjing University
中国人民银行行长    President/Governor of the Chinese People’s Bank
协会/学会/理事会会长  President of an association/society/council
editorinchief是什么意思5)用chairman表示的职衔
人大常委会委员长    NPC (National People’s Congress) Chairman
政协主席            CPPCC the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Chairman
中央军委主席        Chairman of the Central Military Commission
政党主席            Chairman of a political party
公司董事长          Chairman of the Board of Directors
大学系主任          Chairman/Dean/Head of a department
6)用director表示的职衔
总政治部主任        Director of the General Political Department
办公厅主任          Director of the General Office
亚洲司司长          Director of the Department of Asian Affairs
人民日报社社长      Director of the People’s Daily
编译局局长        Director of the Compilation and Translation Bureau
研究所所长        Director of an institute
博物馆馆长        Director of a museum
医院院长          Director/President of a hospital
美国学中心主任    Director of the American Studies Center
工厂厂长          Director of a factory
7) commissioner表示的职衔
/公署专员        Commissioner
自治州州长        Commissioner
公安局局长        Police Commissioner
8)用commander表示的职衔
军区司令员        Commander of a military region
////连长    Corps/Division/Regiment/Battalion/Company Commander
9)用executive表示的职衔
执行主席        Executive Chairman
行政/执行秘书  Executive Secretary
10) Senior表示的职衔
高级工程师        Senior Engineer
高级讲师          Senior Lecturer
高级编辑          Senior Editor
高级农艺师        Senior Agronomist
11)用其他词表示的职衔
总理            Premier; Prime Minister
国务委员        State Councilor
部长            Minister
省长          Provincial Governor
顾问          Advisor
财务总监      Financial Comptroler/ controller
2. 副职头衔翻译法
英语表示副职的词有vice, deputy, associateassistant等。根据英语的搭配习惯,vice通常与president, premier, chairman, minister, governor等配对使用;deputy一般与chief, head, secretary, mayor, director等配对使用;assistant通常与manager, headmaster等配对使用;associate常与professor等配对使用。
1) 与前缀vice一词搭配的职衔
副主席          Vice Chairman
副总理          Vice Premier
副部长          Vice Minister
副省长          Vice Governor
副领事          Vice Consul
副校长(中学)  Vice Principal
2) deputy一词搭配的职衔
副市长      Deputy /Vice Mayor
副书记      Deputy Secretary
副秘书长    Deputy Secretary-general
副检察长    Deputy Chief Procurator
副参谋长    Deputy chief of Staff
副行长      Deputy Governor
副处/科长    Deputy Division/ Section Chief
副司//厂长  Deputy Director
副总编      Deputy Editor-in-chief
大学副系主任  Deputy Dean/ Head of a department
代表团副团长  Deputy Head of a delegation
3) assistant一词搭配的职衔
部长助理        Assistant Minister
副总经理      Assistant General Manager
中小学副校长    Assistant Headmaster
助理教授        Assistant Professor
助理编辑        Assistant Editor
4) associate一词搭配的职衔
副教授      Associate Professor
副研究员    Associate Research Fellow
3.“兼”、“代理”、“名誉”等职衔的翻译法

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