4.2.2If killed steel is specified,the purchaser may designate
that the steel be made to coarse or fine austenitic grain size (see
S10or S11).
N OTE 2—Assured coarse grain size is not always possible since certain
elements or combination of elements or certain quantities of elements such
as manganese,sulfur,and lead tend to produce grain refinement.  4.3Quality —The bars shall be special quality.4.4Hot Forming —The bars shall be hot wrought,as wrought.
TABLE 1Grade Designations and Chemical Requirements of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel Bars
Note—Grade designations and compositions correspond to the respective AISI designations and compositions.
UNS Designation A Grade
Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits,%Carbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max B
Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels C ,D ,E ,F ,G
Low Manganese 1.00%max or less
G10080
10080.10max 0.30–0.500.0400.050G10100
10100.08–0.130.30–0.600.0400.050G10120
10120.10–0.150.30–0.600.0400.050G10150
10150.13–0.180.30–0.600.0400.050G10160
10160.13–0.180.60–0.900.0400.050G10170
10170.15–0.200.30–0.600.0400.050G10180
10180.15–0.200.60–0.900.0400.050G10190
10190.15–0.200.70–1.000.0400.050G10200
10200.18–0.230.30–0.600.0400.050G10210
10210.18–0.230.60–0.900.0400.050G10220
10220.18–0.230.70–1.000.0400.050G10230
10230.20–0.250.30–0.600.0400.050G10250
10250.22–0.280.30–0.600.0400.050G10260
10260.22–0.280.60–0.900.0400.050G10290
10290.25–0.310.60–0.900.0400.050G10300
10300.28–0.340.60–0.900.0400.050G10350
10350.32–0.380.60–0.900.0400.050G10370
10370.32–0.380.70–1.000.0400.050G10380
10380.35–0.420.60–0.900.0400.050G10390
10390.37–0.440.70–1.000.0400.050G10400
10400.37–0.440.60–0.900.0400.050G10420
10420.40–0.470.60–0.900.0400.050G10430
10430.40–0.470.70–1.000.0400.050G10440
10440.43–0.500.30–0.600.0400.050G10450
10450.43–0.500.60–0.900.0400.050G10460
10460.43–0.500.70–1.000.0400.050G10490
10490.46–0.530.60–0.900.0400.050G10500
10500.48–0.550.60–0.900.0400.050G10530
10530.48–0.550.70–1.000.0400.050G10550
10550.50–0.600.60–0.900.0400.050G10600
10600.55–0.650.60–0.900.0400.050G10700
10700.65–0.750.60–0.900.0400.050G10780
10780.72–0.850.30–0.600.0400.050G10800
10800.75–0.880.60–0.900.0400.050G10840
10840.80–0.930.60–0.900.0400.050G10900
10900.85–0.980.60–0.900.0400.050G10950
10950.90–1.030.30–0.500.0400.050G15130
15130.10–0.16  1.10–1.400.0400.050G15180
15180.15–0.21  1.10–1.400.0400.050G15220
15220.18–0.24  1.10–1.400.0400.050G15240
15240.19–0.25  1.35–1.650.0400.050G15250
15250.23–0.290.80–1.100.0400.050G15260
15260.22–0.29  1.10–1.400.0400.050G15270
15270.22–0.29  1.20–1.500.0400.050G15360
15360.30–0.37  1.20–1.500.0400.050G15410
15410.36–0.44  1.35–1.650.0400.050G15470
15470.43–0.51  1.35–1.650.0400.050G15480
15480.44–0.52  1.10–1.400.0400.050G15510
15510.45–0.560.85–1.150.0400.050G15520
15520.47–0.55  1.20–1.500.0400.050G15610
15610.55–0.650.75–1.050.0400.050G15660
15660.60–0.710.85–1.150.0400.050G1572015720.65–0.76  1.00–1.300.0400.050
Resulfurized Carbon Steels C ,E ,G
G11090
11090.08–0.130.60–0.900.0400.08–0.13G11100
11100.08–0.130.30–0.600.0400.08–0.13G1116011160.14–0.20  1.10–1.400.040
0.16–0.23
TABLE1Continued
UNS Designation A Grade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits,%
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus,max Sulfur,max B G1117011170.14–0.20  1.00–1.300.0400.08–0.13
G1118011180.14–0.20  1.30–1.600.0400.08–0.13
G1119011190.14–0.20  1.00–1.300.0400.24–0.33
G1132011320.27–0.34  1.35–1.650.0400.08–0.13
G1137011370.32–0.39  1.35–1.650.0400.08–0.13
G1139011390.35–0.43  1.35–1.650.0400.13–0.20
G1140011400.37–0.440.70–1.000.0400.08–0.13
G1141011410.37–0.45  1.35–1.650.0400.08–0.13
G1144011440.40–0.48  1.35–1.650.0400.24–0.33
G1145011450.42–0.490.70–1.000.0400.04–0.07
G1146011460.42–0.490.70–1.000.0400.08–0.13
G1151011510.48–0.550.70–1.000.0400.08–0.13
Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon Steel E,G,H
editorially
Designation Grade Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Lead G1211012110.13max0.60–0.900.07–0.120.10–
G1212012120.13max0.70–1.000.07–0.120.16–
G1213012130.13max0.70–1.000.07–0.120.24–
G1215012150.09max0.75–1.050.04–0.090.26–
...12L140.15max0.85–1.150.04–0.090.26–0.350.15–0.35
A New designations established in accordance with Practice E527and SAE J1086.
B Maximum unless otherwise indicated.
C When silicon is required,the following ranges and limits are commonly specified:0.10%,max,0.10to0.20%,0.15to0.35%,or0.20to0.40%.
D Copper can be specified when required as0.20%minimum.
E When lead is required as an added element to a standard steel,a range of0.15to0.35%incl,is specified.Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter“L”between the second and third numerals of the grade designation,for example,10L45.A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream.
F When boron treatment is specified for killed steels,the steels can be expected to contain0.0005to0.003%boron.
G The elements bismuth,calcium,selenium or tellurium may be added as agreed between purchaser and supplier.
H It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
5.Chemical Composition
5.1The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified in Table1for the grade specified,or to such other limits as may be specified using the ranges and limits in Table2.
6.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
6.1Descaling—When descaled bars are required,S15on Pickling or S16on Blast Cleaning must be specified.
6.2The bars shall be free of visible pipe and conditioned as necessary to remove injurious surface imperfections.
7.Certification and Test Reports
7.1When specified by the purchaser,a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the heat analysis test results for the specified elements and for copper,chromium,nickel,molybdenum,vanadium and colum-bium shall be furnished.When the amount of an element present is less than0.02%,the analysis may be reported as <0.02%.The report shall include the name of the manufac-turer,ASTM designation number and year date and revision letter,if any,type and grade,heat number,and size.
7.2When supplementary requirements are specified,the report shall include a statement of compliance with the requirement or the results of tests when the requirement involves measured test values such as S12on Restricted Incidental Elements.
8.General Requirements
8.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A29/A29M,unless otherwise provided herein.
9.Keywords
9.1carbon
steel bars;hot-wrought steel bars;steel bars
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified by the
purchaser.
S1.Cold-Working Quality
S1.1This classification encompasses bars subject to severe
cold plastic deformation such as,but not limited to,upsetting,
heading,forging,forward or backward extrusion.
S1.2If the type of steel or chemical composition does not
have adequate cold working characteristics,appropriate ther-
mal treatments should be specified.
S1.3When S1is specified,the bars shall be produced by
manufacturing practices and subjected to mill tests and inspec-
tion and freedom from injurious surface imperfections to the
extent that the bars shall be suitable for the manufacture of
identified parts.The quality requirements of individual appli-
cation vary.S2.Axle-Shaft Quality S2.1Bars shall be suitable for use in the manufacture of power-driven axle shafts of the automotive or truck type.S3.Scrapless Nut Quality S3.1Bars shall be suitable for the production of scrapless nuts from round bars involving cold plastic deformation,namely piercing,upsetting,and forming,with consequent expansion in diameter.S4.Special Surface Quality S4.1Special surface steels are produced with exacting control and appropriate inspection and surface preparation to
TABLE 2Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel Bars
Element
Chemical Ranges and Limits,%When Maximum of Specified Element
is:
Range Lowest Maximum Carbon A ...
...0.06to 0.12incl
......over 0.12–0.25incl
ver 0.25–0.40incl
ver 0.40–0.55incl
ver 0.55–0.80incl
ver 0.80
Manganese ...
...0.35to 0.40incl
ver 0.40–0.50incl
ver 0.50–1.65incl
Phosphorus to 0.040incl
over 0.040–0.08incl
over 0.08–0.13incl
.
..0.030.Sulfur to 0.050incl
...0.050over 0.050–0.09incl
ver 0.09–0.15incl
ver 0.15–0.23incl
ver 0.23–0.50incl
Silicon B ...
...0.10to 0.10incl
......over 0.10–0.15incl
ver 0.15–0.20incl
ver 0.20–0.30incl
ver 0.30–0.60incl
Copper When copper is required 0.20min is
generally specified
Lead C ,D
When lead is required,a range of
0.15–0.35is specified Boron
0.0005min
Bismuth E
Calcium E
Selenium E
Tellurium E A
The carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range”apply when the specified maximum limit for
manganese does not exceed 1.10%.When the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.10%,add 0.01to the carbon ranges shown above.
B It is not common practice to produce a rephosphorized and resulfurized carbon steel to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
C A heat analysis for lead is not determinable,since lead is added to the ladle stream while each ingot is poured.
D It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
E Element specification range as agreed to between purchaser and
supplier.
minimize the frequency and degree of seams and other surface
imperfections.
S5.Annealing
S5.1The steel shall be furnished annealed.
S6.Spheroidize Annealing
S6.1The steel shall be spheroidize annealed.
S7.Special Internal Soundness Requirement
S7.1The steel shall be produced with special internal
soundness,that is,relative freedom from segregation and
porosity,as evaluated by means of a macroetch test performed
on representative billet samples.The test shall consist of deep
etching a cross section in a hot-acid solution and with a visual
examination to evaluate soundness.An alternative method
consisting of fracturing a billet section and examining the
fracture surface to evaluate soundness may be used with
purchaser approval.
S8.Nonmetallic Inclusion Requirement (Note S1)
S8.1A microscopical examination of longitudinal sections
to determine the nature and frequency of nonmetallic inclu-
sions shall be made as prescribed in Practice E 45.The
acceptance limits shall be specified by the purchaser.
Note S1—Much of the sulfur in resulfurized steels is present as sulfide
inclusions.For this reason,those steels are not generally produced to
inclusion rating and S9may not be specified.S9.Special Hardenability Requirement S9.1Special heat treating (hardenability)is a term used when the purchaser specifies as a requirement,the ability of a steel to heat treat to specified mechanical property values which the purchaser must meet after his heat treatment.Care should be taken so that the desired mechanical property values are compatible with the chemical composition,size,and cross section of the steel.S10.Grain Size (Coarse)S10.1The steel shall conform to the coarse austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M.
S11.Grain Size (Fine)S11.1The steel shall conform to the fine austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M.S11.1.1When aluminum is used as a grain refining element,the fine grain size requirement shall be deemed to be fulfilled if,on heat analysis,the aluminum content is not less than 0.015%acid soluble aluminum,or alternately,0.020%total aluminum.The aluminum content shall be reported.The grain size test specified in S11.1shall be the referee test.S11.1.2When specified on the order,one grain size test per heat shall be made.The test result shall be reported.S12.Restricted Incidental Elements S12.1The steel shall not exceed the limits for copper,nickel,chromium,molybdenum,or other elements as shown on the purchase order.S13.Stress Relieving S13.1The steel shall be stress relieved by heating to a temperature specified by the purchas
er or to a temperature selected by the manufacturer.S14.Special Straightness S14.1The bars shall be produced with special straightness (refer to Specification A 29/A 29M for tolerances).S15.Pickling S15.1The surface of the bars shall be descaled by pickling.S16.Blast Cleaning
S16.1The surface of the bars shall be descaled by blast
cleaning.
S17.Coating
S17.1The bars shall be oiled,limed,or phosphate-coated as
specified by the purchaser.The purchaser shall also specify the
method of cleaning (S15or S16);otherwise the bars shall be
descaled by pickling or blasting at the manufacturer’s option.
S18.Restricted Heat Chemical Ranges
S18.1Restricted heat chemical ranges on one or more
elements may be specified by the purchaser if the manufacturer
agrees to melt to the requested restriction.The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,100Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA
19428.

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