热点语法项目之非谓语动词、时态语态、主谓一致
 
                  时态语态及非谓语动词讲与练 
editor的名词和动词形式[想一想]用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空
1.Would you please give him the message the moment he ______(arrive)?
2. He hurried to the station only to find that the train _______(leave).
3. If it hadn’t been for the PLA soldier, the boy _______(drown) in the river yesterday.
4. It ______(say) that another bridge will be built over the river.
5. All kinds of trees ______(plant) on the hill every spring so as to make the hill beautiful.
6. Good care must ______(take) of the children in our school.
7. With a lot of difficult problems ______(settle), the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.
8. Prices of daily goods ______(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
9. Have you checked all the machines ______ (send) to Tibet next month ?
10. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______(leave) the book open on the table and disappeared into the distance.
11. For three hours we waited for the decision, only ______(tell) to come again the next day.
12. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ (correct) the possible mistakes in it.
13. Everyone will thank the firefighters for the things they have done to prevent fires ______(spread)
14. There is no use _______(quarel) with such a foolish person as he.
15. I’m afraid she doesn't have enough time ______ (finish) her report in time.
Keys: 1. arrives  2. had left  3. would have been drowned  4. is said  5. are planted
6. be taken  7. to settle  8. bought  9. to be sent  10. leaving  11. to be told 
12. to correct  13. spreading      14. quarelling  15. to finish
[讲一讲]
    动词填空在语法填空题中至少有两道题，是考查的热点内容之一。通常情况下，这两道动词填空题有一空考查谓语形式，另一题则考查非谓语形式。对于动词填空题，我们应从如下几个方面进行应对：
    I．时态方面：
  一．重点把握一般时态、进行时态和完成时态这三类时态的用法。从近两年广东省高考语法填空题对于动词的考查来看，2007年考查的是一般过去时，2008年考查的则是一般时在时，而且并没有同时考查被动语态。由此，我们可以看出，对于时态的考查不会命题太难。掌握一些常见时态的用法就可以了。
  二．注意被动语态的正确使用。如果被考查的动词在句中作谓语，我们注意同时考虑它的
时态和语态。尽管到目前为止我们还没遇到被动语态题，但这并不意味着就不会考被动语态。而且随着时间的推移，考查被动语态的可能性会越来越大。
  三．注意动词的语气。要正确的使用动词，有的时候还得要注意正确地使用动词的语气。如果表示虚拟的情况，还得要注意正确地使用动词的虚拟语气。此外，在动词wish的宾语从句、as if从句等的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
    四．在某些特特殊的句型中（如it is the first time that…），谓语动词也有其特殊的用法。这也是我们必须注意的地方。
    II．非谓语动词方面：
    一．如果所给动词不在句中充当谓语，则要考虑使用其非谓语形式。非谓语形式有不定式、分词和动名词三种形式。要注意这个动词在相应的地方应用何种形式。另外，同谓语动词一样，使用非谓语形式也要注意正确地使用其被动式（除过去分词外）。
    二．不定式、现在分词、动名词都可有相应的形式表示其时态征，有完成式、进行式
及一般式三种形式，并且还有被动式表示其语态特征。在使用的过程中，应注意各种形式
的正确用法。
    三．下列动词和短语的后面要接动名词作宾语：admit、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、dislike、enjoy、escape、excuse、feel like、finish、forgive、give up、imagine、include、keep、mention、mind、miss、practise、put off、risk、suggest(建议）、can't help(禁不住）等。另外，下面这些短语中的to是介词，其后的动词也要用动名词形式：devote oneself  to、admit to、be equal to、be familiar to、get down to、look forward to、lead to、object to、be opposed to、pay attention to、point to、stick to、see to、be used to、turn to等。
    四．表示“需要”的三个动词(need、want、require)的后面习惯接不定式的被动式或动名词的主动式表示被动意义。如：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.(花需浇水了。）
    五．有的动词后面习惯接动词不定式作宾语。注意把握这类动词。此外，还有一部分动词后面可接不定式和动名词作宾语，但含义有所不同。这类动词有：forget、remember、try、go on、mean、 can't help、 regret等。
六．在feel、hear、 listen to、look at、notice、observe、see、watch、 have、let、make等动词后面可接不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作的整个过程，而现在分词则表示动作的一个部分，强调动作正在进行。当这些动词的宾语补足语在被子动句中变成主语补足语时，则原来的宾语补足语在主动句则要用带to的不定式。但主动句中的宾语是现在分词时，变成被动句中的主语补足语时，则只能用现在分词，不可用不定式的进行式(to be doing)。如：
We heard her sing in her room every day.→She was heard to sing in her room every day.
We heard her singing in her room.→She was heard singing(不可用to be singing) in her room.
  七．注意掌握那些已经介词化了的现在分词和过去分词。这些分词有：judging from(由…判断)、considering(考虑到)、generally speaking(一般地说来)、giving(假如)、speaking of（说到…）、supposing(假如)、given(假如)、supposed(假如)等。
[练一练]用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空
1. —Zhou Lan, you look puzzled. Have you understand it?
  --Yes. I ______ (think) about another problem just now.
2. --Will you go now?
  -- Not until I______ (finish) my experiments.
3. I’d like to buy a pen which _______ (write) well.
4. --Hi. Bill. You are late.
  --Sorry, I would have come sooner. I _______(not know) that you were waiting. 
5. –Did you meet the chief editor at the airport?
  --No. He ______ (drive) away before my arrival.
6. If you ______(be) a little more careful in the test, you would have passed the test.
7. The building______ (build) in our school is for our teachers. It’s to be completed by the end of next year.
8.______ (give) that they are in inexperienced, they have done a good job.
9. With all that she needed______(buy) , she left the supermarket happily.

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