英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)
(一)动词不定式
动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法
(1)作主语。往往用it作为形式主语。
如:It is time to get up.
(2)作宾语。如果带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
如:I find it interesting to study English.
有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。如:decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
(3)作宾语补足语
A:带to的动词不定式有:ask,tell,want,teach,advise,allow,beg,invite等。
如:He asked me to do the work.
B :接不带to的动词不定式有:see,watch,hear,make ,let等。
如:I often see him play football.
使役动词不带to,动词有:一感二听三让四观看。
一感:feel  二听:hear, listen to  三让:let,have,make 四观看:observe,see,watch,look at
注意:feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时,要带to.
如:I often hear him cry.  He is often heard to cry.
注意:带but介词的不定式。如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么but后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。另外,在cant 和cant 等后面的不定式也省略to。
如:He could do anything but study.
      He has no choice but to study.
(4)作定语
如:He is looking for a house to live in.
(5)作状语:原因、结果、条件等
如:She is very happy to hear the news.(原因)
(6)作表语(位于系动词后面)
如:His job is to help others.
(7)与疑问词who,which, when,how等连用,起名词作用
如:How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)
2.动词不定式做逻辑主语
(1)“for+宾语或名词+动词不定式”
如:Its very important for us to study English every day.
(2)“its+形容词good/kind/+of+动词不定式”
如:Its very kind of you to tell me.
3.动词不定式的时态和语态
(1)一般式、进行式和完成式
一般式:to do如:I am glad to talk with you.
进行式:to be doing如: I am glad to be talking with you.
完成式:to have done 如:I planed to have called you,but I forgot to.
(3)语态
(1)to be done:  The bike need to be repaired.
(2)to have been  done: It is said to have been given to children.
(3)There be句型
如:There is a lot of work to do.
(二)动名词(doing)
1.作宾语的动名词
(1)有些及物动词只能接-ing,如:mind,miss,enjoy,escape,practise,suggest,keep,avoid,appreciate,advise,admit, risk,finish,imagine等
(2)有些动词可接不定式也可以动名词做宾语。如remember,forget,stop,mean,try,regret,learn,go on.
A: Remember/forget/regret+to do表示没有做的动作/+doing表示已做的动作
B: stop+to do停下来做另一件事/+doing停止正在做的事
C:try +to do 努力做/+doing试一试
D:mean+to do打算做事/+doing意味着做某事
E: learn + to do准备学做/+doing正学习着在做
F:go on+ to do接着做另一件不同的事/+doing继续把同一件事做下去
(3)need, demand, want, require表示“需要”,主动表被动
be worth doing 值得做
如:Your shirt need cleaning= Your shirt need to be cleaned.
(4)固定词组+doing
Can,,,(着手),,,(推迟),get
(三)分词
分词分现在分词和过去分词,现在分词含有主动和进行,过去分词含有被动和完成。
现在分词——动词原形ing
过去分词——动词原形ed部分有不规则变化
1.分词用法,可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语
(1)表语:如:The film was very interesting.
(2)定语:如:an interesting woman, a developed country
定语从句省略
如:she is the girl (who is) sitting here.
    This is the book (which was)written by my teacher.
(3)宾语补足语
现在分词
感官动词hear,see, notice, watch,observe等
如:I hear someone singing.(强调正在进行)
      I hear someone sing.(强调有这么一回事)
过去分词
使役动词have make,get,keep ,leave,等有两种情况
如:He had his bike stolen.钱包被别人偷了
如:He had his arm broken.他的手臂断了。自己的精力
(4)时态和语态
现在分词时态:一般时:doing 
完成时 :having done
editor的名词和动词形式
现在分词语态:被动:being done
              完成时被动:having been done

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。