Designation:C552–07
Standard Specification for
Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation C552;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1.Scope
1.1This specification covers the composition,sizes,dimen-sions,and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insula-tion intended for use on surfaces operating at temperatures between−450and800°F(−268and427°C).Special fabrica-tion or techniques for pipe insulation,or both,may be required for application in the temperature range from250to800°F (121to427°C).Contact the manufacturer for recommenda-tions regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range.For specific applications,the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufac-turer and the purchaser.
1.2It is anticipated that single-layer pipe insulation in half sections or the inner layer of a multilayer system may exhibit stress cracks above250°F(122°C).
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are provided for information and may be approximate.
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:2
C165Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus C203Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-erties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
C240Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
C302Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
C303Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and Board−Type Thermal Insulation
C335Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Pipe Insulation
C390Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
C411Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
C450Practice for Fabrication of Thermal Insulating Fitting Covers for NPS Piping,and Vessel Lagging
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus C585Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
C692Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-dency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
C795Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
C871Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride,Fluoride, Silicate,and Sodium Ions
C1045Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1058Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation C1114Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
C1639Specification for Fabrication Of Cellular Glass Pipe And Tubing Insulation
D226Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
D312Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20on
Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Current edition approved Dec.1,2007.Published December2007.Originally
approved in1965to replace C381–58and C343–56.Last previous edition
approved in2003as C552–03.
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1
Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
E 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
2.2ISO Document:
ISO 3951Sampling Procedure and Charts for Inspection by Variables for Percent Defective 33.Terminology
3.1For definitions used in this specification,see Terminol-ogy C 168.
3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1board —fabricated sections of cellular glass adhered and together covered with a facing such as a laminated kraft paper adhered to both faces.
4.Classification 4
4.1Cellular glass insulation is furnished in the following types:
4.1.1Type I —Flat block manufactured,
4.1.2Type II —Pipe and tubing insulation fabricated from Type I,
4.1.3Type III —Special shapes fabricated from Type I,4.1.4Type IV —Board fabricated from Type I,
N OTE 1—Types not listed here may not be commercially available.These would be considered specia
l order items.
5.Ordering Information
5.1Purchase orders for cellular glass insulation furnished to this specification shall include the following information:5.1.1Type designation (see 4.1),
5.1.2Dimensions according to type (see Section 9),and 5.1.3Jacketing when required.
5.2Any special requirements,such as,type,fabrication combinations not listed in accordance with Section 4,non-standard dimensions in accordance with Section 9,inspection requirements in accordance with Section 13,or certification requirements in accordance with Section 16shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier and stated in the purchase contract.
6.Materials and Manufacture
6.1The block material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions,annealed,and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells.The material shall be trimmed into blocks of standard dimensions that are rectangular or tapered.6.2Special shapes and pipe covering shall be fabricated from blocks in accordance with Practi
ces C 450,C 585and Specification C 1639.
6.3Board,tapered or flat,shall be fabricated from blocks.
7.Physical Properties
7.1The cellular glass insulation shall conform to the physi-cal requirements in Table 1.Contact the manufacturer for specific design recommendations for all material types.
8.Qualification Requirements
8.1The following requirements are generally employed for the purpose of initial material or product qualification for Type I,Block Material:
8.1.1Compressive strength.8.1.2Flexural strength.8.1.3Water absorption.
8.1.4Water vapor permeability.8.1.5Thermal conductivity.8.1.6Hot-surface performance.
8.1.7Surface burning characteristics.
8.2The following requirements are generally employed for qualification of Type II,pipe and tubing insula
tion:8.2.1Thermal Conductivity.
8.2.2Type II,pipe and tubing insulation shall be fabricated from material having met the qualification requirements of Type I.
8.3Type III and Type IV material shall be fabricated from material having met the qualification requirements of Type I.9.Dimensions,Mass,and Permissible Variations
9.1Type I,Flat Block —Blocks shall be nominal rectangular sections.Block size is 18in.(457mm)in width,24in.(610mm)in length,and 1.5to 6in.(38to 152mm)in thickness.Tapered block has the same dimensions,is tapered on the 24-in.(610-mm)side,with tapers of 1⁄8,1⁄4,or 1⁄2in./ft (3,6,or 13mm per 0.3m).(Other block dimensions and thickness must be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.)9.2Type II,Pipe and Tubing Insulation —See Specification C 1639.
9.3Type III,Special Shapes —Dimensions of special shapes shall be as agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.9.4Type IV ,Board —Dimensions of board shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Boards are available typically as 24in.(610mm)wide by 48in.(1219mm)long by 1.5in.(38mm),or 3in.(76mm)thick.9.5Dimensional Tolerances :
9.5.1For Types I and IV ,the average measured length,width,and thickness tolerances shall be in accordance with those listed in Table 2.
9.5.2For Type II,the dimensional tolerances are given in Table 3.
9.5.3For Type III,dimensional tolerances shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
9.5.4For Types I,II,and IV ,special dimensional tolerances shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as stated in the purchase contract.
10.Workmanship,Finish and Appearance
10.1Since some requirements for this material are not easily specified by numerical value,the insulation shall have no visible defects that will adversely affect its service qualities.11.Sampling
11.1The insulation shall be sampled for the purpose of testing in accordance with Practice C 390.Any specific provi-sions for sampling shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),25W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4
Type and grade designations are in accordance with Form and Style for ASTM Standards ,Part B,10th ed.,Section B8.,January
1996.
2
12.Test Methods
12.1All cellular glass is produced initially in block form.When special shapes are required,cellular glass is fabricated into pipe,curved or segmental insulation,precision V-grooved (material specifically cut to fit around the exterior surface of piping or equipment with no gaps),or board.All initial qualification testing shall be made on block specimens.All tests shall be conducted on specimens with no surface mois-ture.The properties referenced in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following test methods:12.2Density :
12.2.1Type I —Block insulation:Test Method C 303.12.2.2Type II —Pipe insulation:Test Method C 302.
12.3Thermal Conductivity —Make determinations at four mean temperatures in accordance with Practice C 1058.Use the results of these tests to calculate thermal transmission properties in accordance with Practice C 1045.
N OTE 2—At this time,tested values cannot be achieved for below ambient temperatures for Type II pipe insulation due to the lack of a test apparatus measuring radial heat flow in accordance with Test Method C 335.
12.3.1Type I:Block Insulation —Use either Test Method C 177,C 518,or C 1114in conjunction with Practice C 1045,using the following specimen preparation.Test Method C 518shall not be used at temperatures or thermal resistances other than those in the range of calibration.Test Method C 1114shall not be used at temperatures or thermal resistance ranges other than those with comparable/verifiable results to Test Method C 177.In case of dispute,Test Method C 177is recognized as the final authority.Specimen preparation is as follows:
12.3.2To achieve flatness and parallelism of the surface as required by the preceding test methods,the following method is suggested:By sawing from the original block,prepare a specimen with the required dimensions,its thickness being 2or 3mm greater than the final thickness needed.
12.3.3Place the specimen on a flat metal plate slightly larger than the specimen itself and put two machined metal bars on the metal plate near two opposite sides of the specimen.Insert a uniform sheet of paper having about 0.01-in.(1⁄4-mm)
TABLE 1Physical Requirements A
TYPE I BLOCK
Properties
Density,lb/ft 3(kg/m 3)Minimum 6.12(98)Maximum
8.62(138)
Compressive strength,capped,B min,psi (kPa)(Capped material in accordance with Test Methods C 240)
60(415)
Compressive resistance,uncapped,min,psi (kPa)(Uncapped at 0.2-in.deformation)35(242)Flexural strength,min,psi (kPa)41(283)Water absorption,max,volume %
0.5Water vapor permeability,max,per·in.or grains·in.of thickness/h·ft 2·in.Hg (ng·Pa –1·s –1·m –1)0.005(0.007)Hot-surface performance warpage,in.(mm),max 0.125(3)Cracking
see 12.8.1Behavior of materials in a vertical tube furnace passed
Surface burning characteristics C Flame spread index,max 5Smoke developed index,max
Apparent Thermal Conductivity D ,E :flat block,max (Btu-in./h·ft 2°F)(W/m·K)mean temperature,°F (°C)
400(204)0.58(0.084)300(149)0.48(0.069)200(93)0.40(0.058)100(38)0.33(0.048)75(24)0.31(0.045)50(10)0.30(0.043)0(–18)0.27(0.039)–50(–46)0.24(0.035)–100(–73)0.22(0.032)–150(–101)
0.20(0.029)
TYPE II PIPE AND TUBING
Apparent thermal conductivity D ,F ,G ,H
Pipe insulation,max,(Btu·in./h·ft 2°F)(W/m·K)at mean temperature°F (°C)
400(205)0.69(0.099)300(149)0.56(0.081)200(93)0.46(0.066)100(38)0.37(0.053)
Hot-surface performance warpage,in.(mm),max 0.125(3)Cracking
see 12.8.1
A
Physical property requirements shown are for the materials in the as-manufactured condition.They may or may not represent the values of these properties under certain in-service conditions,depending on the type of installation and the ultimate temperature exposure.B
For information on higher density and compressive strength material,contact the manufacturers.C
For Types II and III,smoke index and flame spread will remain constant with some fabrication techniques and will change with other fabrication techniques.For applications requiring a flame spread index of 25and a smoke developed index of 50,contact fabricator or manufacturer.D
Thermal transmission properties of insulation will vary with temperature,temperature gradient,thickness,and shape.Note the apparent thermal conduc-tivity values in the table are based on samples tested under conditions specified in 12.3These are comparative values for establishing specification compliance.They may not represent the installed performance for the insulation under us
e condi-tions differing substantially from the test conditions.E
Evaluated at a small temperature difference in accordance with Practice C 1058.F
Evaluated at a large temperature difference in accordance with Practice C 1058.G
Single layer or inner layer on a multilayer system piping insulation fabricated in half sections may exhibit stress cracks above 250°F (122°C).The thermal performance in this range is characterized with cracks present.H
At this time,pipe insulation cannot be tested below ambient temperatures.See 12.3,Note 2.
TABLE 2Manufacturers Dimensional Tolerances
Dimensions,in.(mm)Block (Type I)and Board (Type IV)
Length 61⁄16(1.6)Width 61⁄16(1.6)Thickness
61⁄16(1.6)
TABLE 3Fabrication Tolerances
Dimensions,in.(mm)
Board (Type III,IV)Pipe (Type II)Length 61⁄8(3.2)In accordance with Practice C 1639Width 61⁄8(3.2)In accordance with Practice C 1639Thickness 61⁄8(3.2)In accordance with Practice C 1639Inner diameter ...In accordance with Practice C 1639Outer diameter
...
In accordance with Practice C
1639
3
thickness between theflat base plate and the metal bars but not under the sample.The metal bars are as thick as thefinal thickness of the specimen and machined so that their top and bottom surfaces areflat and parallel.Alternatively to machined bars use cold rolled steel bars.These bars are generally s
ufficientlyflat and uniform in thickness.
12.3.4Using a third straight metal bar long enough to lap metal bars on each side,carefully rub off the upper face of the specimen until the scraping bar just contacts thickness bars. Turn the specimen upside down and place it back on theflat metal plate and put the two metal bars on the metal plate near two opposite sides of the specimen,this time without the sheet of paper under each metal bar.Repeat the rubbing operation.
12.3.5If the specimens have to be shipped,provide ad-equate protection.
12.3.6Due to the rigid nature of the material and its open cell surface,it is preferable to have the thermocouples mounted in the surface of the plates and not adhered to the surface of the specimens.
12.3.7For maximum accuracy,it is recommended that the temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces of the specimens is such that the temperature gradient in the specimen equals or exceeds40°F/in.(900Km–1).Specimens made from several pieces of cellular glass are not acceptable.Joints are prohibited in the central measuring area and their number are to be minimized in the guard area.
12.3.8The number of specimens to be tested and the sampling plan shall be in accordance with Practice C390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by the user’s representative or independent third party,the number of specimens shall conform to ISO3951Inspection Level S-3, 10.0%AQL using the S Method.
12.3.9Type II,Pipe Insulation—Test Method C335in conjunction with Practices C1058and C1045.
12.3.10Samples shall be fabricated into11⁄2+1⁄2,–0-in. (38+13,–0-mm)thick specimens of pipe insulation.
12.4Compressive Properties—(Type I-Block)—Determine the compressive strength in accordance with Test Method C165,Procedure A,with the following test parameters and specimen preparation techniques.This process indicates a failure point in compressive loading.
12.4.1Each of the two parallel bearing surfaces of the specimens shall be plane.If necessary,rub them on a suitable abrasive surface to produce the requiredflat surface.
12.4.2The test specimens shall preferably be one half-block 12by18-in.(300by450-mm)by nominal received thickness. Alternates include a quadrant9by12-in.(225by300-mm)or a full block18by24-in.(450by600-mm)by nominal received thickness.A quadrant specimen shall be taken from any one of fou
r equal area quadrants of the preformed block.The mini-mum acceptable specimen size is8by8in.(200by200mm) The report shall include the specimen size.
12.4.3Cap both bearing surfaces of the specimens as follows:Coat one surface with molten Type III or Type IV asphalt(preheated to350,+50,–25°F(177,+28,–14°C)), completelyfilling the surface cells with a small excess.Such a coating application rate is approximately0.20lb/ft2625%. Immediately press the hot-coated block onto a precut piece of felt or paper laying on aflat surface.This is to prevent the asphalt surface from sticking to the compression platen during the test.A lightweight kraft paper is suitable,although tradi-tionally Type1roofing felt paper,commonly called No.15 asphalt felt,in accordance with Specification D226has been used.Properly capped surfaces should be approximately plane and parallel.Set the specimens on edge,exposing both capped surfaces to room temperature for a minimum of15min to allow the asphalt to harden before testing.
12.4.4The number of specimens to be tested and the sampling plan shall be in accordance with Practice C390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by the user’s representative or independent third party,the number of specimens shall conform to ISO3951Inspection Level S-4, 10.0%AQL using the S Method.
12.4.5Compress the specimen until failure.The deforma-tion at failure will vary,depending on the thickness of insulation and the thickness of the capping materials.Record the load at the failure point or definite yield point.The compressive strength is calculated from this load divided by the specimen cross-sectional area in accordance with Test Method C165.
12.4.6The rate of loading will depend on the type of equipment used.With a hydraulic test machine,use a constant load rate of500lb/s(2200N/s).With a screw-driven machine use a crosshead speed of0.01in.(0.25mm)/min/1in.(25.4 mm)of specimen thickness,within a tolerance of625%(on the crosshead speed or loading rate).Using the preferred specimen size in accordance with Test Methods C240,the preceding load rates correspond to a nominal2.3psi/s(16 kPa/s).Another alternate testing procedure is to reach the failure within30to90s(nominal2.3psi/s(16kPa/s).
12.4.7Due to the sample preparation,with the inclusion of felts and asphalt,the test method described in Test Method C165to determine compressive modulus of elasticity does not apply for cellular glass as a material by itself.
12.4.8For compressive resistance of uncapped material,use Test Method C165,Procedure A,preferably test a half block, or quadrant,2-in.(50-mm)thickness to a deformation of0.2in. (5mm).This process does not indicate a failure point in compressive loading.
N OTE3—For ultimate yield strength with no deformation,capping in accordance with Test Methods C240is required.
12.5Flexural Strength(Type I Block)—Test Methods C203,using Procedure A,Method I or II.
12.6Water Absorption(Type I-Block)—This test method covers the determination of water absorption of cellular glass insulating blocks by measuring the amount of water retained as a result of complete immersion for a prescribed time interval. Surface blotting is used to correct for the water absorbed on the cut surface cells.
12.6.1This test method provides a means of measuring the water absorption of cellular glass insulating blocks under isothermal conditions as a result of direct immersion in liquid water.It is intended for use in product evaluation and quality control.
12.6.2Equipment and Materials
: 4
editor evaluating revision12.6.2.1Balance with about 1.5-kg capacity and at least 0.1-g sensitivity.
12.6.2.2Immersion tank equipped with inert specimen sup-ports and top surface weights such as stainless steel.
12.6.2.3Cellulose sponge at least 4by 7by 1.5in.(100by 180by 40mm).Sponges should be predampened and rung out thoroughly.
12.6.2.4Test room with a temperature of 7065°F (2163°C)and a relative humidity of 50RH 610%.12.6.2.5Distilled water.
12.6.3Carefully measure the thickness,width,and length to the nearest 1mm of a cellular glass block,preferably 2by 12by 18in.(50by 300by 450mm)and calculate the volume and exposed surface area.
12.6.4Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.0002lb.(0.1g)(W 1),then submerge it horizontally under 25
mm (1in.)of water maintained at 7065°F (2163°C ).Inert top surface weights are required to keep it submerged.After submerging for 2h,set the specimen on end on a damp cotton bath towel to drain for 10min.At the end of this period,remove the excess surface water by hand with a damp sponge for 1min per large face and 1min for the four sides,wringing out the sponge before and once in between for each face and passing at least two times on each surface.Blot each face of the specimen equally by compressing the sponge by 50%of its thickness.Weigh the specimen immediately (W 2)to the nearest 0.0002lb.(0.1g).
12.6.5Calculate the weight of water absorbed (W 2–W 1)and express it as a function of the exterior surface of the sample in grams per square centimetre.Water absorption can also be expressed as a function of volume percent minus absorbed water volume divided by specimen volume,or as a function of weight percent minus weight of water absorbed (W 2–W 1)divided by the dry specimen weight (W 1).Compare results on specimens of identical sizes.
12.6.6The precision was determined in interlaboratory tests.5The repeatability or single-laboratory operator precision is 60.00060g/cm 2or 60.030volume percent (61S).The reproducibility or multilaboratory operator precision is 60.00071g/cm 2or 60.035volume percent.Due to a lack of a standard,no statement can be made regarding bias.
12.7Water Vapor Permeability (Type I-Block)—Test Meth-ods E 96/E 96M .Use water method at a temperature in the range from 73.4to 90°F (23to 32.2°C).
12.8Hot Surface Performance (Type I-Block)—Test Method C 411tested at 4-in.(102-mm)thickness (double layer 51-mm blocks with staggered joints).(Type II-Pipe —tested at 3-in.(76-mm)thickness (double layer of 38-mm layers with joints staggered).The test temperature shall not exceed the manufacturer’s maximum use temperature.A heating rate not exceeding 200°F/h (112°K/h)shall be employed.Test specimens shall be unfaced.
12.8.1Through cracks through the outer layer of block or pipe specimens based on a visual examination prior to removal of the test specimen from the apparatus shall constitute a failure.
12.9Surface Burning Characteristics (Type I-Block)—Test Method E 84.
12.10Stress Corrosion (Type I,Block)—For use in contact with austenitic stainless steel refer to Specification C 795.For Types II,III,and IV ,the cellular glass to be tested,composite or plain,must include any manufactured/fabricated joint com-pounds,facing and adhesive if applicable.The amount of the adhesive or joint compound,and so forth,in the test sample,is an amount proportional to that present in the fabricated product.
12.10.1Specimen Preparation for Chemical Analysis —When specified in the purchase order or contract,the following chemical analysis results shall be furnished to the purchaser.12.10.2Chemical Analysis for Leachable Chloride,(Fluo-ride),Silicate,and Sodium Ions —Determine leachable chlo-ride,(fluoride),silicate,and sodium ions in accordance with Test Methods C 871with the following precautions.It is very important that 7.1.1in Test Methods C 871be followed where the specimen is cut into thin,approximately 1⁄16-in.(2-mm),wafers,then in accordance with 8.2of Test Methods C 871,to grind this specimen more than 60to 120s.If any material is floating on the surface,this is an indication that the wafers were too thick or additional grinding is needed,or both.In case of question/dispute,run a particle size analysis on the dried material left on the filter paper during the extraction process.
N OTE 4—Test Method C 692was originally titled “Evaluating the Influence of Wicking-Type Thermal Insulation on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel”and the companion standard Test Methods C 871was developed to do the chemical analysis on such materials.Since cellular glass is not a wicking insulation,it is necessary to grind up the sample into a fine powder for the leaching part of Test Methods C 871.In order to get reproducible chemical results,this powder must consist of a reproducible particle size,thus careful prepara-tion following the directions of Test Methods C 871is necessary.
12.10.3All of the other chemical requirements of the preceding specifications are to be followed.
13.Acceptance Requirements
13.1The following requirements are generally employed for purposes of acceptance sampling of lots or shipments of qualified material:13.1.1Density.
13.1.2Dimensional tolerances.13.1.3Workmanship.
14.Inspection
14.1Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase contract.
15.Rejection
15.1Material that fails to conform to the requirements of the agreed upon specification may be rejected.Report rejection promptly and in writing to the producer or supplier.
5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:
C16–1007.
5
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论