1 AS 2001.4.21—2006
www.standards.au  Australian Standard TM
Method of test for textiles Method 4.21:  Colourfastness tests—Determination of colourfastness to light using an artificial light source (mercury vapour, tungsten filament, internally phosphor-coated lamp)  PREFACE This S tandard was prepared by the S tandards Australia Committee TX-020, Testing of Textiles to supersede AS  2001.4.21—1979 and is one of a series for determining colourfastness of textiles to various treatments. The objective of this S tandard is to provide manufacturers and testing bodies with a standard method for determining the resistance of colour in textiles to the action of an artificial light source, in order to give an assurance of light fastness and give results which are suitable for comparison. The revision introduces changes to the test end point which now requires Blue S tandard No. 7 to show a colour change of Grade 4–5. This edition also recommends a larger sample when testing multicolour samples. In some cases, the results obtained using the method described will differ from those obtained using daylight and should therefore be regarded as approximations only. Differences in results may be attributed to spectral differences between the two light sources, and to differences in effective humidity of the test specimens. In cases of dispute the following method should be regarded as the reference method: A S  2001.4.B01 Methods of test for textiles, Method 4.B01: Colourfastness tests—
Determination of colourfastness to daylight of textile materials  METHOD 1  SCOPE This S tandard describes a method for determining the colourfastness of textiles to light, using an artificial light source. 2  APPLICATION The method is applicable to textiles in any form but is not applicable to photochromatic coloured textiles.
AS 2001.4.21—2006
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AS 2001.4.21—2006 2
Standards Australia  www.standards.au 2
3  REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
2001 Methods of test for textiles
2001.4.A01 Method 4.A01: Colourfastness tests—General principles of testing (ISO 105-
A01:1994, MOD)
2001.4.A02 Method 4.A02: Colourfastness tests—Grey sc ale for assessing c hange in
colour
2001.4.B01 Method 4.B01: Colourfastness tests—Determination of olourfastness to
daylight of textile materials
ISO/CIE
10526 CIE Standard illuminants for colourimetry
4  PRINCIPLE
A test specimen of the textile, together with blue light fastness standards, is exposed under
prescribed conditions to the light from an artificial light source. The colourfastness of the
spec imen is assessed by c omparing its performanc e with that of the blue light fastness
standards
5  STANDARDS
5.1  Blue light fastness standards
Blue light fastness Standard Nos. 1 to 7, as spec ified AS 2001.4.B01, shall be used in
pieces 15 mm × 60 mm.
NOTE: Blue light fastness standard No.8 may be used if a higher light fastness is anticipated.
5.2  Grey scale
The grey sc ale for evaluation c hange in c olour, as desc ribed in AS 2001.4.A02, shall be
used.
6  APPARATUS
6.1  Lamp
A 500 W mercury vapour, tungsten filament, internally phosphor-coated, fluorescent lamp. NOTES:  1 Examples of suitable lamps are the Sylvania E40, the Mazda or T horn Atlas MBT F/U KOLORLUX, the Stella MBTL and the Phillips G174ML 500W. Specifications for these lamps in the following reference: Hindson, W.R., ‘T he Mercury-tungsten Lamp for the Fading Assessment of Textiles’: Textile Inst. & Ind. 12, 2, 1974, p.42. 2 New lamps should be operated for 100 h before using them for test purposes. It is also recommended that they be discarded after 5000 h of operation.
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AS 2001.4.21—2006
www.standards.au    Standards Australia 36.2  Unit assembly (See Figure 1)
The unit  shall consist  of a hollow cylinder of met al, e.g. aluminium, or ot her suit able
mat erial, open at  bot h ends, wit h an int ernal diamet er of approximat ely 400 mm and a
length of 300 mm. It shall be laterally supported by legs mounted on a base. The distance
between t he bottom of the cylinder and t he base shall be approximately 100 mm t o allow
free access of air to all test specimens. The lamp shall be mounted centrally in the cylinder
so t hat  t he light  dist ribut ion is const ant  around t he circumference of t he cylinder. An
elect ric running-hour met er (de-energized by lamp failure) shall be mount ed on t he base
board as part of the lamp circuit.
NOTE: To control the upper limit of the specified temperature range it is recommended that a
thermostatically controlled fan be installed above the lamp.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE  1  LAMP UNIT ASSEMBLY 6.3  Black panel thermometer A black panel t hermomet er consist ing of a met al panel, at  least  45 mm × 100 mm, t he temperature being measured by means of a thermometer or thermocouple with its sensitive portion located in the centre and in contact with the panel. The side of the panel facing the light source shall be black, with an infrared reflectance of less than 5 percent throughout the spectrum of t he radiation reaching the test  specimen. The side of the panel not  facing the light source shall be thermally isolated. NOTE: Voltage fluctuations as well as fluctuations in ambient temperature are likely to cause concomitant fluctuations of 10°C to 15°C in black panel temperatures. The use of a v oltage stabilizer is recommended. 6.4  Specimen carrier A suitable means of suspending the test specimen and the standards on the inner surface and of the hollow cylinder.
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AS 2001.4.21—2006 4
Standards Australia  www.standards.au 4
6.5  Mask
A means of covering half of each test specimen and the standards, e.g. opaque cardboard or
other opaque materials such as aluminium or cardboard covered aluminium.
6.6  Viewing conditions
For the assessment of samples, the following is required:
(a) The dimensions of the viewing area shall be not less than 300 × 200 mm
(b) The surrounding field shall be non-reflective grey colouration between the chips
illustrating Grade 1 and 2 of the grey scales for assessing change in colour.
(c)
The daylight simulation shall be assessed as a simulator of a standard illuminator D65 according to requirements of ISO/CIE 10526. (d) The minimum illuminance level in the viewing area shall be not less than 600 lux and
a maximum illuminance not more than 5000 lux falling on the plane of viewing the
samples as described in AS 2001.4.A01.
(e)
The light shall be incident to the viewing surface at approximately 45° and viewing
shall be in a place approximately perpendicular to the surface.
NOTES:
1 1500 lux to 2500 lux is a preferred level of illuminance.
2 The ratio of the highest to lowest illuminance over the viewing area should not be greater
than 1.25. 7  SAMPLE PREPARATION
7.1  Fabric
When testing fabric, a specimen not less than 15 mm × 60 mm shall be used. Ensure that the
surface to be exposed faces the light source.
NOTE: For multi-coloured samples, it is recommended to use a larger specimen representative of
all colours as required.
7.2  Yarn
When testing yarn, one of the following methods shall be used:editor evaluating revision
(a) Knit a specimen of the yarn into fabric and use a piece not less than 15 mm × 60 mm.  (b) Form an opaque layer of parallel thread by winding the yarn into a U-shaped frame to obtain the size of specimen required for testing. The specimen shall be mounted on a card. 7.3  Fibre  When testing loose fibre, a specimen of the fibre shall be combed and compressed sufficiently to give a uniform surface not less than 15 mm × 60 mm and thick enough to provide uniformity of colour and mount it on a card.
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AS 2001.4.21—2006
www.standards.au    Standards Australia 58  PROCEDURE
The procedure for exposure shall be as follows:
(a) Mount the test specimen and a piece of each of the blue light fastness standards on
the specimen carrier and cover them with the opaque mask so that half the specimen
and half of each standard is exposed and half of each is covered. Suspend the carrier
and specimens for exposure on the inner surface of the cylinder in such a manner that
the exposed areas of the specimen or of the standards does not extend beyond that
area of the lamp which is phosphor-coated and is situated such that the surface of the
sample under test is 200 ± 5 mm distant from the lamp centre.
NOTE: Alternatively, it is permissible to mount several specimens per card(s) and the set of
standards on another card.
(b) Place the black panel thermometer in a similar position to that of the specimen
carrier.
NOTE: The thermometer should read 70 ±10°C when the lamp is operating.
(c)
Switch on the lamp. (d) As irradiation proceeds make observations of the appearance of the test specimen and
of the standards. When a change in colour of the test specimen can just be perceived,
record the number of the standard just showing a perceptible colour change.
NOTE: It is recommended to regularly rotate specimen carriers and the blue light fastness
standards carrier around the perimeter of the tube during the exposure period. This practice is
critical when several specimen carriers relating to one blue light fastness standard carrier
occupy more than 25% of the perimeter of the tube. This is due to variation in temperature
and irradiance that may occur from the lamp.
(e)
Continue exposure until Standard 7 shows a change in colour equal to Grade 4–5 on the grey scale for evaluating change in colour.  (f) The exposure may be terminated at this stage.
(g) Where the test is to be used to check conformity with an agreed-upon reference sample, it is permissible to expose the specimens with the reference sample only. Continue exposure until grey scale Grade 4 and/or grey scale grade 3 contrasts have been produced on the reference sample. For white (bleached or optically brightened) textiles, continue exposure until a grey scale Grade 4 contrast has been produced on the reference sample. 9  ASSESSMENT OF COLOURFASTNESS The final assessment shall be carried out as follows: (a)    A mask shall be used on the exposed specimen when rating against the exposed reference standards. (b) The exposed specimen shall be rotated when assessing the degree of colour change and the specimen rated from the worst angle of viewing.  (c) For multicoloured specimens, where the area of each colour is large enough to be assessed and adequate to allow a fair comparison with an unexposed area of the same colour, each colour shall be assessed and reported individually for the degree of colour change. For some multicoloured specimens where many small coloured areas are blended into overall shade which may not allow individual testing and assessment, the shade depth or pattern repeat of individual colour shall be a maj
or factor in the overall assessment of the colourfastness of the specimen. When this type of specimen is tested, the overall appearance shall be assessed and reported.
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