Designation:D814–95(Reapproved2010)
Standard Test Method for
Rubber Property—Vapor Transmission of Volatile Liquids1 This standard is issued under thefixed designation D814;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope
1.1This test method covers the measurement of the rate of vapor transmission of volatile liquids through a rubber sheet, disk,or diaphragm.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:2
D3767Practice for Rubber—Measurement of Dimensions
3.Significance and Use
3.1The rate of transmission of a liquid through a rubber sheet,that acts as a barrier,is important in rubber diaphragm performance and other similar industrial applications.This transmission is referred to as vapor transmission since the liquid diffuses through the rubber in a molecular sense and escapes into free atmosphere in vapor form.
3.2This test method is applicable only to the materials in sheet form of moderate thickness and is princ
ipally useful for comparing the relative vapor transmission of different liquids in the same rubber or of the same liquid through different rubbers.Comparisons should not be made in which both different rubbers and different liquids are used.
4.Apparatus
4.1The test apparatus shall consist essentially of glass vapor transmission jars(4.2)for each liquid,on which the test specimens are mounted,and a suitable rack for supporting the jars in an inverted position in such a way as to allow free circulation of air over the surface of the specimen.The apparatus shall be kept in a constant temperature cabinet or room at2362°C(73.463.6°F).
4.2Vapor Transmission Jar—A glass jar of approximately 236-cm3(1⁄2-pt)capacity with an opening of60.360.4mm (2.37560.015in.)in inside diameter and a wall3.2mm (0.125in.)in thickness at the opening,which shall be ground flat without rounded edges to a smooth ground-glassfinish at the contact surface.The opening shall be equipped with a metal screw ring clamp holding a smooth-edged,flat,sheet-metal ring5
5.660.4mm(2.18860.015in.)in inside diameter and approximately68.3mm(2.69in.)in outside diameter.The ring clamp and ring serve as a clamping device for holding the specimen against the gro
und-glass-edge of the jar with a circular specimen area55.6mm(2.188in.)in diameter exposed to the air while permitting the screw clamp to be tightened to form a leak-proof seal without subjecting the specimen to torsional strain.When testing extensible materials, a circular disk of16to20-mesh screen shall be placed inside the screw ring clamp between it and theflat metal ring to prevent stretching of the specimen during the test.The screen disk may be soldered in place on top of the sheet metal ring if desired.
N OTE1—A suitable vapor transmission jar may be prepared from a 1⁄2-pt Mason jar equipped with a Kerr-type screw cap,provided the edge of the jar is properly ground andfinished withfine emery and the cap is cut with smooth,flattened edges to form the required circular opening.
4.3Dial Micrometer—The dial micrometer shall conform to the requirements of Method A of Practice D3767.
4.4Balance—The balance shall be of suitable capacity capable of weighing to0.005g.
5.Test Specimen
5.1The test specimens shall consist of circular disks68mm (2.69in.)in diameter,cut with a sharp-edged
die from a sheet of the material being tested.The thickness of the sheet,which shall not exceed3.2mm(0.125in.),shall be measured using the dial micrometer described in4.3.
5.2For evaluating the vapor transmission of a particular liquid with respect to a given rubber,three specimens having the same nominal thickness within a tolerance of63%shall be tested.The vapor transmission of the liquid shall be taken as the average of the values obtained from the two rubber
1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11on Rubber
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10on Physical Testing.
Current edition approved Jan.1,2010.Published April2010.Originally
approved in1944.Last previous edition approved in2005as D814–95(2005).
DOI:10.1520/D0814-95R10.
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.--` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---
editor evaluating revision
specimens giving the lowest results,providing these check within620%of the average so determined.
6.Procedure
6.1With the vapor transmission jar in an upright position, place200cm3of the test liquid in it,after whichfit the test specimen over the mouth of the jar,place the ring and wire screen in position,and screw down the screw ring clamp lightly.Hold the assembly in the constant temperature cabinet or room at2362°C(73.463.6°F)with the test disk lightly in place until temperature equilibrium is obtained.Then screw down the ring tightly and allow the assembly to stand in an upright position for2h.Make a tare assembly using a duplicate jar and a test specimen of the same size but without the addition of the test liquid.Place suitable weighting material such as lead shot in the tare jar to bring its mass to approxi-mately that of the assembled jar and contents.Condition the tare jar at the test temper
ature,seal it,and handle throughout the test in a manner similar to that used for the test jar.Place the test jar on a balance of suitable capacity capable of weighing to0.005g,and counterbalance it against the tare jar, adding weights as required for equilibrium.Take the original mass of the test assembly as that of the tare corrected for the added weights and record to the nearest0.005g.
6.2After weighing,invert each test jar assembly and place on the rack,supporting each in such a way that the entire inner surface of the specimen remains in contact with the liquid throughout the test.If the rack is located in a conditioning cabinet,take care to remove diffused vapors from the chamber and to assure free circulation of fresh air by means of a fan or other suitable device.Twenty-four hours after inverting the jar, again weigh it against the tare jar.Any excessive loss of mass indicates that leakage due to improper seal is occurring.Remove such test assemblies and replace them by new assemblies properly prepared.Return the test assembly to the rack and reweigh against the tare after periods of12062h and 19262h from the initial inversion.Consider the difference in mass between those obtained at120h(5days)and at192h(8 days)divided by3as the average mass of liquid lost per24h. N OTE2—In this test,the specimens are allowed to remain in contact with the liquid for5days before starting measurement of the loss in order to permit the rate of diffusion of the liquid to become uniform.
7.Calculation
7.1Express the vapor transmission rate(VTR)of each test liquid with respect to the rubber employed and calculate as follows:
Vapor transmission rate~VTR!,mg/~s·m2!54.77
3average mass in grams of liquid lost per24h(1) 8.Report
8.1The report shall include the following:
8.1.1Identification of the test rubber,
8.1.2Thickness of the test rubber to the nearest0.025mm (0.001in.),
8.1.3Identification of the test liquid,and
8.1.4Vapor transmission rate(VTR)of the liquid,expressed in milligrams per second per square metre of wetted area. 9.Precision
9.1Due to a lack of laboratories willing to participate in round-robin testing,no precision data are available for this test method.
10.Keywords
10.1vapor transmission;volatile liquids
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D814–95(2010)
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