Nature in Architecture
建筑中的自然元素
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to them that we even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
我们身边都有花、草、树木,并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果,我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片;看到一朵绽开的花,我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in archit
ecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube,nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
我们身边许多最迷人的设计,包括建筑设计,它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方,在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今,建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法,模仿自然运行的方式,或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
3tilesArtScience Museum, Singapore
新加坡艺术科学博物馆
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lot
us flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水,雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后,水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
The Eastgate Centre. Harare
哈拉雷东门大厦
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry; To use biomimicry is to create
structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a" skin" covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例,利用仿生技术,在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克・皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘,以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法,大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天,暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部,在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间,墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
The Algae House, Hamburg
汉堡藻屋
The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg,Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all-the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和工氧化碳为养料,促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候,它们长得更快,可以遍阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量,并转化为电能,给建筑物供电。除此之外,面板内的藻类可以收集起来,
做燃料用。因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现目标。
Back to Nature
回归大自然
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500 years, were polar opposites.And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.

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