高考英语名词性从句讲解【最全版】
Review:  英语句子的种类有两种，按句子的用途可分为陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句四种。而按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+系动词+表语
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
2）并列句
简单句+并列连词+简单句
3) 复合句
主句+引导词+从句
判断下列句子是简单句，并列句，还是复合句？
1.He often reads English in the morning.
2.You help him and he helps you.
3.My suggestion is that we should study step    by step.
4.Both Tom and Mike are American boys.
5.He said that he has known all before.
复合句：主句+引导词+从句 
定语从句
【定义】起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
名词性从句
1、主语从句
2、宾语从句
3、表语从句
4、同位语从句
在英语的句子结构中，如果本该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫__名词性从句__。
【定义】起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。
换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。
关联学习：
Related Conception (相关概念)
表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
The boy is Li Ming.主语：The  boy 名词，表语：Li Ming  名词
Miss. Liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us English . 主语：Miss. Liang  同位语：a 24-year-old girl  宾语： English
名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
1. The boy is Li Ming. 
2. What he said is correct.
在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。例如2.
用it作形式主语的主语从句
如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在
主句谓语部分之后。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film yesterday.
It is reported that China has sent another man-made satellite into orbit.
It dose't matter whether he is wrong or not.
3. We love peace. 【名词作宾语】
4. He said that he has known all before.【从句作宾语】 
在句中充当及物动词或介词或be+adj.后宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
We always mean what we say.我们向来说话算数。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
He is confident that he will win.
某些表示心理状态的形容词在句中作表语时，后面可跟宾语从句。
It 作形式宾语
it 不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的that从句放在句尾，特别是用在带复合宾语的句子中。
I think it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea.
I think it best that you should seek for a solution to the problem.
在口语或非正式文体中，引导宾语从句的连词that 常可省略。但形式宾语it后面的that 不能省略。
5. You are a student. 【名词作表语】
6. The fact is that she never knew the secret.【从句作表语】 
在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。
注意：
The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.
其他从属连词引导的表语从句
because ,as,as if,as though等也可用来引导表语从句。
Things are notreported as they seem to be.
事情并不是像它们表面上看起来那样。
I think it is because you are too serious.
He felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago.
7.Miss. Liang , a 24-year-old girl, teaches us English .【名词作同位语】
8.The news that our team had won made us happy.    【从句作同位语】
在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句.
其用途是对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明
该名词的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词
通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。
【练习】请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句：
1.What I want to do is to go shopping.【主语从句】
2. The news that they won the game spread the whole school.【同位语从句】
3. I don’t think that he is an honest boy.【宾语从句】
4. The fact is that he stole the car.【表语从句】
5. The problem is what we should do next.【表语从句】
6. The news that he couldn’t come makes us upset.【同位语从句】
7. Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.【表语从句】
8. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?【同位语从句】
试区分以下定语从句和同位语从句：
Do you know the fact that he stole the car?【同位语从句】
解释：句子是完整的，that 只是一个连接词
Do you know the fact that they were talking about?【定语从句】
解释：定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，句子是不完整的。
一、定语和同位语从句相同点：
1. 都跟在名词后；
2. 都可以翻译成 “…的”
The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. 
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。【同位语从句】
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。【定语从句】
二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
1、含义不同：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，知道具体内容，指同一件事（可以划等号）；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词，不知道具体内容。 
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
2、引导词 区别：同位语从句中，that：无成分，用于肯定句；
定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.
1）Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.
（that 不充当任何成分）
2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）;  B: Attributive（定语）
1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.[ A]
2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.[ A]
3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.[B]
4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?[A]
5. Is this the company where your father works?[B]
6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.[B]
7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.[ A]

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