动名词
语法图解
探究发觉
①Playing with fire is dangerous.
②It is no good learning a theory without practice.
③Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at.
④The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.
⑤ ... a lot of money is spending on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.
⑥His hobby is watching football games.
⑦For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” ...
[我的发觉]
(1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。
(2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。
(3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。
一、动名词的定义
动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具出名词和动词的特征。
二、动名词的基本形式
动名词由动词原形加词尾­ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变更，现以learn为例列表如下：
react to后面加什么
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
learning
being learned
完成式
having learned
having been learned
1.动名词的一般式。
结构：主动用doing；被动用being done
动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。
Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.
早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间)
I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere.
我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前)
Doctors advise giving up smoking.
医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后)
2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
结构：主动用having done；被动用having been done
The old man thanked me for having helped him find his relative’s house.
那位老人感谢我帮他到亲戚的家。
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
我不记得曾被赐予做这件事的机会。
3．动名词的否定式：由“not＋动名词”构成。
She regretted not listening to you, which caused this mistake.
她懊悔没有听你的话，导致了这一错误。
His not having done his homework made his teacher very angry.
他没有完成作业使老师很生气。
[即时演练1]　完成句子
①____________________________________ can help you improve your learning effectively.
养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。
②____________________________________ when they heard the funny story.
听到这个滑稽的故事，孩子们忍不住笑了。
③Thank you for ______________________________________.
感谢你给了我这么多的帮助。
④She regretted ____________________________________.
她懊悔没看那个电影。
⑤No one ________________________________ in public.
没有人喜爱当众被讪笑。
三、动名词的句法功能
动名词具出名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1．作主语
Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一个好方法。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种条件下工作不是开心而是苦痛。
[课堂点津]　(1)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/a waste of time/fun doing sth.句型中，用it作形式主语，后面的动名词作真正的主语。
It’s no use complaining without taking any action.
不实行行动而只是埋怨是没有用的。
It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在奢侈时间。
(2)动名词作主语泛指常常性的动作，而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、详细的动作。
Being invited to the palace ball made her excited.
被邀请参与宫廷舞会使得她特别兴奋。
To be invited to the palace ball would be exciting.
受邀参与这次宫廷舞会将是令人兴奋的事。
(3)单个动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Planting many trees is very good for our environment.
植树对我们的环境特别有好处。
[即时演练2]　单句语法填空
①(安徽高考改编)________________ (Ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
②(湖南高考改编)_________________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
③(福建高考改编)_____________ (know) basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
④As far as I’m concerned, it’s no good ______________ (argue) with him.
⑤Making friends ___________ (play) an important part in our life.
2．作宾语
(1)作动词宾语
They advise solving the problem in this way.
他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。
Would you mind opening the window?
打开窗子你介意吗？
(2)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。常见的有：
mean
forget
regret
try
go on
remember
I remember being taken to the Summer Palace today.
今日我还记得被带去颐和园的情景。(已去过)
Please remember to come and play with me again someday.
请记住以后有时间再来玩。(还没来)
How I regret not accepting his suggestions.
我多么懊悔没有接受他的建议呀。
I regret to tell you that you failed.
很缺憾告知你，你失败了。
(3)下列动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing.
＝The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车须要修一下。
[即时演练3]　单句语法填空

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