Unit 6Survival
1. organized crime 有组织的犯罪
2. be greedy for wealth 贪财
3. catch the thief抓住小偷
4. lamb of god 上帝的羔羊
5. commit a crime 犯罪
6. garbage collection 垃圾回收
7. hard to estimate难以估计
8. appreciate our wild neighbours 欣赏我们的野生邻居
9. a crucial decision 关键性的决定
10. restrict urban development 限制城市的发展
11. knowledge of field survival 野外求生知识
12. identify the direction 辨别方向
13. search for water 寻水源
14. survival training 生存训练
15. make a fire 生火
16. dig a cave 挖洞穴
17. make tools 制作工具
18. keep warm 保暖
19. stay together and wait for help 待在一起等待救援
20. keep calm 保持冷静
21. take a first aid kit with you 随身携带一个急救箱
22. never give up hope 不要放弃希望
23. take a first-aid kit带一个急救箱
24. a clever and optimistic man 一个聪明而乐观的人
25. the mouth of the cave洞口
26. limit the fuel consumption 限制燃料消耗
27. react to these crises 应对这些危机
28. a new monthly magazine 一本新月刊
29. orbit the planet 绕星球轨道运转
30. space agency太空总署
31. infer from the passage 从文章推断
32. expose babies to strong sunlight 把婴儿暴露在强烈的阳光下
要点精研·探究学习
1. hesitate vi. 犹豫, 迟疑不决
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) When they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through.
当他们遇到生活中的其他门时, 不论是真实的还是隐喻的, 他们都会毫不犹豫地打开门走过去。
*In case you need something, p lease don’t hesitate to tell me.
如果你需要什么东西, 请毫不犹豫地告诉我。
*No matter when our motherland needs us, we will go without hesitation.
无论什么时候, 只要祖国需要, 我们就会毫不犹豫地出发。
【词块积累】
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事, 不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇; 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
2. greedy adj. 贪婪的, 贪心的, 渴望的
*Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后, 没有丝毫犹豫。
*Tom is greedy to do his homework to have a comfortable holiday.
汤姆为了有一个舒适的假期急着做家庭作业。
【词块积累】
(1)be greedy for. . . 渴望得到……
be greedy to do sth. 渴望做某事
It is/was greedy of sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来讲真是贪婪
(2)greedily adv. 贪婪地; 贪食地
3. commit v. 做出(错或非法的事); 犯(罪行或错误); 自杀; 承诺, 保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等); 全心投入
*You don’t have to commit anything over the phone.
你不用在电话里承诺什么。
*He was committed to the care of an aunt.
他被托付给一个姨妈照顾。
*He was a strongly committed comrade of the Party.
他是一个对党非常忠诚的同志。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment.
你还需要判断你的动机的质量和深度。这很重要, 因为它直接关系到你的承诺。【词块积累】
(1)commit sb. to(doing)sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事
commit oneself to(doing)sth. 答应(做)某事
commit suicide/a crime/murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀
be committed to 致力于; 委身于
(2)commitment n. 承诺, 保证, 已承诺的事
committed adj. 忠诚的; 坚信的
commit oneself to(doing)sth. 表示“专心致志于……”, to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动名词。
4. estimate v. 估计, 估算
*Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
最近的研究估计, 仅在美国, 每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而死亡。
*(2018·天津高考)The global population is expected to grow to 9. 6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.
到2050年, 全球人口预计将增长到96亿, 一些分析家估计, 食物生产将需要增加50%才能维持目前的水平。
* (2020·天津高考)Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.
很抱歉夫人, 我低估了你, 因为我不知道你的背景。
*It’s estimated that20% of the Amazon, the world’s biggest rainforest, has been cleared, mainly as a result of logging and farming.
据估计, 亚马逊热带雨林——世界上最大的热带雨林的20%已经被夷为平地, 主要是伐木业和农业造成的结果。
【词块积累】
(1)estimate sth. (at sth. )估计/估算/估价(为……)
be estimated to be/have 估计有……
estimate that. . . =It is estimated that. . . 据估计/估算
(2)estimate n. (对数量、成本等的)估计; 估价
a conservative/rough estimate 保守/粗略估计
(3)underestimate v. 低估
overestimate v. 高估
5. appeal vi. 有吸引力; 呼吁; 诉诸; 上诉
*As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.
随着我们的城市绿化越来越好, 它们越来越吸引寻新栖息地的动物。
*(2019·天津高考)The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
那本书吸引了全世界350多年。
*She appealed to the High Court against the sentence.
她不服判决, 并向高等法院提起上诉。
*With this plan carried in the city, we can better appeal to people to reduce pollution.
随着计划在这个城市的实施, 我们能够更好地呼吁人们降低污染。
*Music has little/no appeal for me.
音乐对我没有什么吸引力。
【词块积累】
(1)appeal to sb. for/to do. . . 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb. 吸引某人; 投合某人所好
appeal to force 诉诸武力
make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁
have no/little appeal for sb. (几乎)对某人没有吸引力
(2)appealing adj. 吸引人的; 恳求的
appeal 用作名词, 通常与to 或for 连用; 用作动词, 通常与to 或against 连用。
6. appreciate v. 欣赏, 赏识; 感激, 感谢; 理解; 意识到
*He knew how much we loved the place and that we’d appreciate the years of work they had put into their home.
他知道我们很喜欢这个地方, 我们会感激他们为这所房子所付出的数年的劳动。*I would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give a hand to me.
如果您能帮我一个忙我将不胜感激。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.
我曾经写过一篇关于童话对罗尔德·达尔写作影响的论文, 这篇论文让我对罗尔德·达尔奇特而有趣的世界有了新的认识。
【词块积累】
appreciate作“感激, 感谢“讲时, 其宾语不能是人, 只能是物; appreciate后面也可以先跟it再跟宾语从句, 其中it为形式宾语, 指代后面宾语从句的内容, 类似用法的动词还有like, hate, love 等。
7. crucial adj. 至关重要的, 关键性的
react to后面加什么*One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.
“城市动物”数量增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。
*This focus was crucial to our coming to any breakthrough thinking.
这种专注对于我们获得任何突破性思维都是至关重要的。
*(2018·江苏高考) One crucial factor is secure access to land. 一个关键因素是土地的安全使用。
【词块积累】
be crucial to对……至关重要
a crucial factor/issue/decision一个关键性的因素/问题/决定
It is crucial that. . . 重要的是……
8. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. 只有到
那时, 我们才能展望与它们和谐地共享城市栖息地的未来。
【句式分析】
句中only修饰时间状语then, 置于句首, 句子用部分倒装, 把情态动词can提前。*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Only then should you set your goals.
只有到那时你才能设定你的目标。
*Only when he graduate did he realize how much precious time he had wasted.
当他毕业的时候他才意识到他浪费了多少宝贵的时间。
*Only when we stop ignoring the problems can we make an actual difference.

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