专题01 阅读理解之说明文
（2020届安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次素质测试）
M: As you are learning Chinese social problems now, I would like to share the result of a recent survey with you.
The researchers asked 20,000 young people in 20 countries, including China, the US and the UK, how they think and feel about the world. They found that 53 percent of those questioned in China think the world is becoming a better place. That‘s the highest percentage among the countries in the survey, followed by India with 49 percent.
When asked why they felt hopeful for the future, 93 percent of those Chinese youth said it was because advances of technology like medicine, new energy and the Internet might make life in the future easier.
However, Chinese young people seem to worry about something else. As much as 82 percent of them worry about climate change. That‘s a lot more than the number of people who care about the environmental problems in other countries. We can see that Chinese young people are quite different from their previous generations. I hope each of you can write a report on this problem after class.
Venice, Italy
Venice is already known to be sinking, and the masses of tourists that visit the city every year certainly aren‘t helping. Locals have complained that tourism, including cruise ships, is responsible for increased pollution in the city.
Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism: littering, engaging in horseplay, not wearing a shirt in public, leaving love locks, and writing on or damaging trees or buildings are all fineable offenses in the city.
Barcelona, Spain
Locals in Barcelona aren‘t shy about their dislike for tourists. Popular attractions have even changed their rules as a result of tourist activity.
La Boqueria, a large public market, banned tourist groups of more than 15 people in 2015.Before the ban, large groups of vacationers often blocked foot traffic while taking photographs, according to The Telegraph.
Santorini, Greece
Santorini is a beautiful island off the coast of Greece. It‘s often packed with tourists d uring the summer.
In fact, due to the seasonal influx (涌入) of tourists, the island imposed a rule limiting visitors from cruise ships to 8,000 per day. 790,000 people from 636 cruise ships visited Santorin in 2015, according to Conde Nast
Traveler, while the entire island only has a population of just over 15,000.
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam has long been a popular vacation destination for party-loving travelers.
In response to a rise in tourism, the city has put restrictions on Airbnb so that a rental listing cannot have more than four people at a time, and that tourists cannot keep the rental apartments for more than 60 days a year.
21．According to this passage, for which behaviour will the tourists be fined?
A．Blocking foot traffic in Barcelona B．Wearing a shirt in public in Santorini
C．Buying a love lock in Amsterdam D．Damaging a tree in Venice
22．If you are going to rent an apartment in Amsterdam as a tourist, how long can you keep it within a year at most?
A．A year. B．One month. C．Two months. D．A season.
23．What do these tourist attractions have in common?
A．These places have been popular all year around.
B．Rules have been set or changed regarding tourism.
C．Local people use violence against tourists.
D．The number of tourists has decreased a little.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了世界上著名的四大景点，为了限制过热的旅游业给城市带来的不利影响，这些旅游景点制订了关于旅游的一些限制规则。
21．细节理解题。根据Venice, Italy部分中―Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism: littering, engaging in horseplay, not wearing a shirt in public, leaving love locks, and writing on or damaging trees or buildings are all fineable offenses in the city（威尼斯实行了严格的旅游规则：乱扔垃圾、参与打闹、在公共场合不穿衬衫、留下爱情锁、在树木或建筑物上写字或损坏树木或建筑物都是城市中处罚的罪行）‖可知，游客在威尼斯毁坏树木是要被的。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据Amsterdam, the Netherlands的介绍中，―…and that tourists can not keep the rental apartments for more than 60 days a year‖可知，在阿姆斯特丹，规定游客一年不能将租赁公寓保留超过60天。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。在Venice, Italy部分中，提到―Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism威尼斯在旅游方面实施了严格的规定‖；在Barcelona, Spain部分中，提到―Popular attractions have even cha nged their rules …受欢迎的景点甚至改变了规则‖；在Santorini, Greece部分中，提到―the island imposed a rule limiting
visitors…该岛实行了一项限制游客的规定‖；在Amsterdam, the Netherlands部分中，提到―the city has put restrictions on Airbnb‖。综合上面的介绍，可以推断，这些景点的一个共同点是：为了限制过热的旅游业给城市带来的不利影响，这些旅游景点都制订了关于旅游的一些限制规则或者更改了原有的规则。故选B项。
（2020届安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次素质测试）
Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While
it‘s true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills, most coaches and trainers w ill advise some level of strength training as well. Focusing on your core is a common suggestion. A recent study seems to back this up. In the Journal of Biomechanics, researchers investigated a symptom that has long confused runners from beginners to experienced ones. A good number of runners, 14 percent to be exact, experience gradual lower back pain. The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame. When these muscles aren‘t strong enough, the study found, muscle s on other areas of the body kick in to keep the runner
up-right, eventually leading to back pain.
To understand the role that these muscles play, the researchers had eight volunteers with minimal running experience run along an indoor track. High-speed cameras and 3D motion detectors analyzed which muscles moved, and how much. Once they created a working computer model for each runner, the scientists imitated what would happen if certain deep muscles were weaker, or shut off completely.
As it turns out, wh en a person can‘t use their deep core muscles very well, their bodies still want (and need) to maintain a good running form, and uses surface muscles to do so.
What‘s wrong with that? A muscle is a muscle, right? Not exactly. While the surface muscles are often targeted in workouts - they give you a six-pack (六块腹肌), after all - they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊柱). The deeper core muscles, which essentially lie beneath and can‘t be seen from the outside, do all the heavy spinal lifting.
It‘s important to note that even when you‘ve made these muscles super strong, you won‘t likely notice visible results. But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank (平板支撑) may work.
28．Why do most new runners want to run farther and faster?
A．Because they think it can improve running skills.
B．Because some coaches and trainers advise them to do so.
C．Because a recent study proves it to be helpful.
D．Because it‘s a ki nd of useful strength training.
29．What does the new study show us when people do the running?
A．14 percent of the runners have weak muscles.
B．The muscles on other areas lead to back pain.
C．Strong deep core muscles can prevent back pain.
D．The beginning runners usually have weak core muscles.
30．What happens when people do the running?
A．A working computer model can be created.
B．Certain deep muscles become weaker.
C．They use both deep and surface muscles.
D．Deep core muscles probably function first.
31．What can we infer from the text?
A．Doing a long plank can benefit the runners.
B．The spine is supported by the deep muscles.
C．Training the six-pack is useless.
D．Super strong muscles can‘t be seen.
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．D 31．A
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的一项新的研究表明，跑步时是深层的核心肌肉保证我们沉重的脊柱的挺立。因此文章建议做力量训练，锻炼深层的核心肌肉力量，这样才能防止跑步者背部疼痛。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中―Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While it‘s true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills,…‖可知，大多数新跑步者认为，要提高跑步技能，最好方法是跑步速度更快、距离更远。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。14%的跑步者会经历背部疼痛。第一段中关于一项新研究的介绍中分析了原因，―The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame. When these muscles
aren‘t strong enough, the study found, muscles on other areas of the body kick in to keep the runner up-right, eventually leading to back pain.（这项新研究的结果似乎表明，脆弱的深层核心肌肉可能是罪魁祸首。研究发现，当这些肌肉不够强壮时，身体其他部位的肌肉会起作用，跑步者保持向上的姿势，最终导致背部疼痛）‖可以推断，这项新的研究表明，跑步者背部疼痛是因为深层核心肌肉太弱。如果深层核心肌肉强壮，就能够预防跑步时背部疼痛。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段中关于跑步时表层肌肉和深层核心肌肉所起作用的研究的描述，―While the surface muscles are often targeted in workouts… they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊
柱). The deeper core muscles, …do all the heavy spinal lifting.( 虽然在锻炼中人们看到的是表层肌肉，但是当涉及到支撑你的脊柱时，表层肌肉是无用的。更深层的核心肌肉负责所有的繁重的脊椎挺立的任务。)‖，因此可以推断，跑步时先起到作用的可能是深层核心肌肉。故选D项。
react to the recent
31．推理判断题。根据第四段中―But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank (平板支撑) may work.‖可知，作者认为做平板支撑对跑步者有好处，可以提高深层的核心肌肉力量，能够帮助你跑得更好，有助于预防背部疼痛。由此判断出平板支撑使跑步者受益。故选A项。
（2020届安徽省合肥市高考第一次模拟）
The following 4 famous paintings — from Jan van Eyck's portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece — have stood the test of time.
The Amolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck‘s Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on w ood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism — while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas (帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near
Saint–Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modem Art in New
York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title 'Guernica' refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The

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