2020年高考英语阅读理解D原文、译文、长难句解析及答案详解
第一部分,阅读理解D原文和译文:
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another,employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
人类与植物之间的联系长期以来一直是科学研究的主题。最新研究发现了二者之间一些积极的影响。例如,在俄亥俄州扬斯敦市进行的一项研究发现:城市绿化更好的区域犯罪率更低。在另一项研究中,当员工们的工作场所装饰有室内盆栽植物时,他们的工作效率会提升15%。
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unu
sual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. "We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,"explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
麻省理工学院的工程师们对此研究更进了一步。他们改变了植物的结构,以便于让植物实现多种多样的,甚至是不同寻常的功能。其中包括:在叶片上印制传感器来显示是否缺水的植物,以及能够检测出地下水中有害化学物质的植物。“我们正在考虑如何能够设计出替代我们每天所用物品的功能的植物,”麻省理工学院的化学工程教授Michael Strano解释说。
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
他的最新项目之一就是在实验中使用一些普通蔬菜让植物发光。他的一个最新项目就是在实
验中通过使用一些常见蔬菜让植物发光。Strano的团队发现,他们能够创造出一种持续三个半小时的微弱光线。这种光线大约只有阅读所需光量的千分之一,但这仅仅是个开始。Strano说,这项技术将来有一天可以被用来照亮整个房间,或者甚至能把树变成自供电的路灯。
In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off"switch"where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
在将来,他的团队还希望研发出一种版本的技术产品。这项技术产品可以以一次性处理方式被喷涂到植物叶子上,但却可以在植物整个生命周期持续起作用。工程师们也在尝试研发一种电源开关,当有日光照耀时,植物的光就会变暗。
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing
plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
在美国,照明用电大约是总耗电量的7%。由于照明经常远离电源,比如,发电厂到偏远公路边的路灯之间的(遥远)距离,所以很多电量在传输过程中损失掉了。发光植物能够减少这种距离,因此能够帮助节省能源。
第二部分,阅读理解D难点解析:
难句分析一:
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.
解析:“take … a step further”意为“把……向前推进一步”。“ it”指上文提到的植物和人类之间关系的研究。“changing the actual composition of plants”为现在分词短语作方式状语,指通过改变植物的结构把植物和人类关系的研究向前推进了一步。句子后半部分为“in order to短语”作目的状语。
难句分析二:
These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
解析:these此处指上文的研究成果,作句子主语。include为谓语。宾语为and连接的两个名词:plants (that定从)and a plant(that定从),每个名词后面都跟了一个定语从句。
第一个定语从句里面含有一个when引导的定语从句,即“when they’re short of water”,作show的宾语,意为“何时缺水”。还有一个“have…done”结构,意为“在叶片上印制传感器(传感器被印制)”。
整句话的意思为:这些研究成果包括:在叶片上印制传感器来显示是否缺水的植物,以及能够检测出地下水中有害化学物质的植物。
难句分析三:
We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day
解析:此句中how引导宾语从句。engineer此处用作动词,意为“设计制造”。
此句中functions of the things that we use every day为名词短语,中心词为functions。“that we use every day”为定语从句,修饰things,意为“我们每天使用的物品”。此短语整体理解为“我们每天使用的物品的功能”,作replace的宾语。
整句话意思为:我们正在考虑如何能够设计出替代我们每天所用物品的功能的植物。
难句分析四:
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
解析:此句中“make plants glow”为“make sb do”结构,此处意为“让植物发光”。“using some common vegetables”为现在分词短语作方式状语,修饰make,意为“使用一些普通的蔬菜”。
整句话理解为:他的最新项目之一就是使用一些普通蔬菜,让他们在实验中发光。
难句分析五:
in the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.
解析:此句中“a version of the technology”意为“一种版本的技术(产品)”。后面紧跟一个that引导的定语从句,意为“能够被喷涂到植物叶子上的”,修饰前面的“a version of the technology”。
在这个定语从句中还包含了一个that引导的定语从句,修饰“a one-off treatment”,意为“可以持续植物整个生命周期的”。“a one-off treatment”此处意为“一次性的处理(方式)”。
整个句子理解为:react to the recent在将来,他的团队还希望研发出一种版本的技术产品。这项技术产品能够以一次性处理方式被喷涂到植物叶子上,但却可以在植物整个生命周期持续起作用。
难句分析六:
The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off"switch"where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
解析:on and off "switch"此处意为“开关”。“where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.”为定语从句,修饰an on and off"switch",意为“当暴露在日光下时,光会变暗”。
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