新概念第二册课堂笔记Lesson69
Lesson 69 But not murder!
【语法Grammar in use】
被动语态
（1）被动语态的基本形式：
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
最近它被一个客人弄坏了。（一般过去时）
Passing planes can be heard night and day.
过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。（与情态助动词连用）
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。（must与被动语态的完成式连用）
The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.
人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。（被动语态用于过去进行时）
He never expected the thief to be arrested.
他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。（被动语态用于复合宾语中的不定式结构中）
The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（用于过去完成时）
（2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。
介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。
如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；
如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；
on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。
The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。
He killed a child before being arrested.他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。
On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。
被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。
（3）被动语态用于want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
我希望有人今天下午去把行李从旅馆取回来。
want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作。
（4）被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性
【New words and expressions】
★murder n. 谋杀
react to后面接什么Murder is a horrible crime. 谋杀是一种恐怖的罪行。
murder v. 谋杀/糟蹋，毁了
They found that he had been murdered. 他们判定他是被谋杀的
Panjinlian, together with Xienqiang murdered her husband.
He murdered the whole work.
murderer杀人犯
★instruct v. 命令，指示
instruct someone to do something 命令某人做某事
I have been instructed to wait here until he comes
instruction n. 说明书
★acquire v. 取得，获得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）
After many years efforts, I finally acquired the trust of my workmates.
acquire confidence 获得信心
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time.
Tom acquired a habit of smoking.
★confidence n. 信心
She has a lot of confidence.她充满了自信.
She has great confidence in her success.
shatter sb’s confidence动摇某人的信心
with great confidence满怀信心
★examiner n. 主考人
★suppose v. 假设
Suppose conj.如果/假设
Suppose we miss the train, what will do then?
Suppose you had a Benz, how would you feel?
Suppose v.假设/猜想
I suppose it will rain.
Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?
Suppose you were him, what would you do?
常用于“let us suppose that”这个结构：
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.让我们假设发生了森林火灾。
★tap v. 轻敲
He tapped on the door.
★react v. 反应
How did she react to your suggestion?
She reacted by getting angry.
reaction n.反映
What’s her reaction to your decision?
★brake n. 刹车support
Press(put on) brake / ac-ce-le-ra-tor 踩刹车/油门
The drive braked hard as the dog ran onto the road.
★pedal n. 踏板
Brake pedal
★mourn-ful adj. 悲哀的
There was a mournful look on her face.
a joyful /mournful sound高兴[悲伤]的声音
Misery and mournful苦楚悲痛
【Text】
But not murder!
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic
and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.
I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'
我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。在被指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，我几乎开始喜欢起我的考试了。主考人肯定对我的表现是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“只有一件事了，Eames先生。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须得在5英尺之内停
下。”我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人大声地敲了起来。尽管声音能被很清楚地听到，但我还是花了好长时间才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，我们俩都被向前扔了出去。主考人伤心地看着我。“Eames先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！”
【课文讲解】
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. 我当时是正在被第3次考试驶执照。driving licence 驾驶执照
for表目的
Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。
for+次数
I'm meeting him for the first time today. 今天我要与他初次见面.
I'll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景.
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. 我被要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，并且成功地这么做了。

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