语法考点实战篇（1/10）：谓语动词考查
【考点与呈现】
1. 判断所给动词的时态
2. 判断所给动词的语态
【概念与原理】
时态判断的四个依据：
1)时间状语提示：介词词组、时间副词、名词词组、并列谓语等。
2)句内照应提示：主从句呼应、并列句呼应、对话呼应。
3)语境判断提示：根据上下文照应关系判断。
4)句型要求提示：特定句型的时态要求（较少见）。
【例1】 With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ （discover）in the past years.
（时间状语提示：react to stress的中文翻译in the past years；答案：have been discovered ）
【例2】 After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ （rescue）four days later.
（时间状语提示：four days later；答案：was rescued ）
【例3】Did you predict that many students ______ （sign）up for the dance competition?
（句内照应提示：主句中did——过去时间、和predict——预测未来；答案：would sign ）
【例4】I’m sure you will do better in the test because you ______ so hard this year.
（句内照应提示：主句you will do；答案：have been studying或are studying）
【例5】Is honesty the best policy? We ______（teach）that it is when we are little.
（语境判断提示：when从句用现在时；答案：are taught ）
【例6】It has been four years since she _______(graduate) from the famous university.
（句型要求提示：It + since句型；答案：graduated）
【审题与判断】
1、四点定位，出句中主、谓、连词以及非谓语动词（如果有）位置，确定动词是否谓语；
2、两个语态，出该动词的“逻辑主语”，或为主谓关系（主动）、或动宾关系（被动）；
下面我们逐一举例说明。
一、四点定位的方法和作用举例——比较这两个题：
【例7】I (26) _____(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.（2015）
四点定位：I——empty——and——helped；
属于S + V1 + and + V2，可以确定empty和helped是并列的谓语，因此填入emptied）
【例8】And yet, the spaces (28) ______ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found.（2018S）
四点定位：spaces——empty——are filled——what——I——have found；
属于S + v + V + what + S + V，可判定empty为非谓语形式；根据逻辑主语为spaces（被动）、以及后面的by介词短语，判定为过去分词emptied。
二、确认过谓语、如何鉴定语态——比较下面两题：
【例9】Our life (39) _____(interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom.
动词interrupt的逻辑主语是our life，为被动关系，即生活“被打扰”。
答案：has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted
【例10】But 15 minutes later, everyone was seated and talking, continuing full force until organizers ________(interrupt) them 180 minutes later.
动词interrupt的逻辑主语是organizers，为主动关系，即组织者打断（他们）。
答案：interrupted。
【例11】Unable to speak, animals cannot keep their knowledge of things for long. That is why they often ________(interrupt) one line of action to do something else and later forget it completely.
动词interrupt的逻辑主语是they，为主动关系，即它们经常打断一个行动（而去做另一件事）。
答案：interrupt。
【例12】I know most people are foggy at this time, but I find the early morning to be a period of great creativity. I get more done in those few hours than the rest of the day, when I ________(interrupt) constantly.
动词interrupt的逻辑主语是I，为被动关系，即我被（不断地）打断。
答案：am interrupted。
【巩固测试】
句段1.  The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents _________ (show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money ,landfill space and the environment.
句段2.  The machine ______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
句段3.  Some people are paying as much as 500 Swedish kronor in taxes a year for the right to keep their dog, money that ______ (spend) is spent by the government on dog hospitals and sometimes medical treatment for a dog that falls ill.
句段4.  He found out that Kit Williams ______ (spend) his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfo
rdshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they ______ (build) in her honor in 1773.
    I had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ______ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ______ laundry.
    When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) ______ (spend) all the hours before they were born, (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.
    I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about "good choices"? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me.
    Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I'd guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) ______ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes, (27) ______ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.

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