06．THE CLASSIFICATION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
The Classes of Compounds该类化合物
Thousands and tens of thousands of compounds are known to the chemist today. It would be impossible to learn properties and behavior of even a fraction of this number if it had to be done on the basis of individual compounds1. Fortunately, most chemical compounds can be grouped together in a few classes. Then, if we can properly classify a compound .we are at once aware of the general properties of the compound from knowledge of the properties of that class or group of compounds. For example. HCl is classed as an acid. and by becoming familiar with the behavior of acids as a distinct class, we are at once aware of the general properties of the compound2. A great many of the compounds we are to study may be classified as acids, bases, salts, metallic oxides, or nonmetallic oxides. Of these five classes of compounds, the first three — acids, bases, and salts — are by far the most important3„
成千上万的化合物是众所周知的今天的化学家。这将是不可能学的性质和行为的一部分这个号
码必须完成的基础上，个人图4。幸运的是，大多数化合物可以组合在一起，在几个班。那么，如果我们能正确分类的一类化合物。我们立刻意识到的一般性质的化合物从知识的属性，阶级或集团的化合物。比如说呢。盐酸为酸。和熟悉氨基酸的行为作为一个独特的类别，我们立刻意识到的一般性质的compound2。大量的化合物，我们研究可分为酸，碱，盐，金属氧化物，或非金属氧化物。这五个类别的化合物，第一三-酸，碱，盐-是目前最important3„
When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solution is a conductor of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte. If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a nonelectrolyte.
当酸，碱，盐溶解在水中，由此产生的解决方案是一个导体的电流称为电解质。如果没有传导电流时，该化合物称为非电解质。
Classification of Common Compounds分类常见化合物
By looking at the chemical formulas we may classify many common compounds in the following way.react to中文翻译 通过在化学公式我们可以把许多常见的化合物的方式如下。
1.  Acids, in the conventional sense, may be recognized by noting that the H is written first in the formula and that the rest of the compound is generally nonmetallic. Ex., HCl, H2SO4, HClO. 1。酸，在传统意义上，可能是公认的注意，他先写公式中，其余的化合物通常是非金属。例如，硫酸，盐酸，溶液。
2.  Conventional bases have OH radicals written last in the formula. The first part of the formula is usually a metal.  Ex., NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, 2。传统的基地有羟基自由基的书面上的公式。第一个公式的一部分通常是一个金属。例如，氢氧化钠，钙（噢）2，铁（哦）3，
3.  A salt consists of a metal, written first, combined with a non-metal or radical written last in a formula. Ex., NaCl, Fe2(SO4)3, Ca(ClO)2. 3。盐是由金属，先写，加上非金属或写最后一个公式。例如，氯化钠，Fe 2（SO 4）3，钙（中文）2。
4. Oxides are compounds containing oxygen and only one other element. 4。氧化物的含氧化合物和只有一个元素。
If the element other than oxygen is a nonmetal, the oxide is classed as a nonmetal oxide or an acidic anhydride. The  latter name comes about because water added to nonmetal oxides under certain conditions produces acids. Likewise, if water is removed from an acid containing oxygen, the acid anhydride (without water) results. 如果元素比氧是一种非金属，氧化物被归类为非金属氧化物或酸酐。后者的名字是因为水加入非金属氧化物在一定条件下产生酸。同样，如果水是删除从含氧酸，酸酐（水）的结果。
The  other  class of oxides, metallic  oxides  or  basic  anhydrides, consist  of oxygen combined with a metal. When water is added under proper conditions to basic anhydrides, bases result and vice versa. Acids另一类氧化物，金属氧化物或碱性酸酐，包括氧结合金属。当加入水条件下基本酸酐，基地的结果，反之亦然。脂肪酸
All acids in the conventional sense contain hydrogen, which may be replaced by metals. The negative portion of the acid molecule is composed of a nonmetal or a radical (negative valence group). These negative valence groups (except oxide and hydroxide)are often referred to as acid radicals. All acids are covalent compounds in which the atoms are held t
ogether by a sharing of electrons. When an acid is dissolved in water, ions are formed as a result of the transfer of a hydrogen ion(proton) from the acid molecule to the water molecule---for example, 所有酸在传统意义上含有氢，可取代金属。负部分酸分子组成的非金属或自由基（负化合价组）。这些消极价组（除氧化物和氢氧化物）通常称为根。所有酸都是共价化合物中的原子都是由一个电子共用。当一个是溶解于水，离子的形成所造成的转移氢离子（质子）从酸分子的水分子，例如，
This is a case of coordinate valence, in which an unused pair of electrons from the water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. The hydronium ion is a hydrated hydrogen ion or proton (H+ *H2O) and, while the ionization of acids in aqueous solution depends on its formation, we shall ordinarily use the simple H+ in writing equations. Such equations are thereby simplified and easier to balance. 这是一个个案的坐标系，其中一个未使用的一对电子从水分子结合一个氢离子形成离子离子。离子离子是一个水合氢离子或质子（氢离子*水），而电离的酸水溶液取决于它的形成，我们通常使用简单的
氢离子在写作方程。这些方程，从而简化和更容易保持平衡。，
The chief characteristic of an acid is its ability to furnish hydrogen ions (protons); therefore. an acid is usually defined as a substance which may furnish protons. 主要特点是它有能力提供一个氢离子（质子）；因此。酸通常被定义为一种物质，可能提供质子。
Properties of Acids. In general, aqueous'solulions of acids are characterized by the following properties; 性能的酸。一般来说，aqueous'solulions酸具有以下属性；

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